Tiêu đề 01. ACS Biology 1st Paper_With Solve-24.pdf ✅

†Kvl I Gi MVb  Varsity Practice Sheet ........................................................................................................................... 1 †Kvl I Gi MVb 01 MCQ weMZ mv‡j DU-G Avmv cÖkœvejx 1. †Kvl bvgKiY K‡ib- [DU-A: 15-16] Robert Hooke Antony Van Leeuwenhoek K.R Porter Robert Brown DËi: Robert Hooke e ̈vL ̈v:  Robert Hooke †Kvl we` ̈vi RbK|  Antony Van Leeuwenhoek me©cÖ_g RxweZ †Kvl ch©‡eÿY K‡ib|  K.R Porter G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjvg Avwe®‹vi I bvgKiY K‡ib|  Robert Brown me©cÖ_g DwTM¢`‡Kv‡l my ̄úó †MvjvKvi wbDwK¬qv‡mi Aw ̄ÍZ¡ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| 2. RxeweÁvbx ievU© ûK †Kb weL ̈vZ? [DU-A: 14-15] cÖvYxwe` ̈vi RbK DwTM¢` I cÖvYxi ‡kÖwYweb ̈v‡mi cÖeZ©K †Kvl gZev‡`i cÖeZ©K Cell k‡ãi cÖeZ©K DËi: Cell k‡ãi cÖeZ©K e ̈vL ̈v:  cÖvYx we` ̈vi RbK Gwi÷Uj (Aristotle)  K ̈v‡ivjvm wjwbqvm AvaywbK U ̈v·‡bvwgK †evUvwb I U ̈v·‡bvwgK RyIjwRi RbK  †Kvl gZev‡`i cÖeZ©K R ̈vKe † ̄øB‡Wb, w_I‡Wvi †mvqvb, iæWjd fviPz|  weÁvbx ievU© ûK Cell k‡ãi cÖeZ©K| 3. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Avw`‡Kvl Gi D`vniY? [DU-A: 13-14] Saccharomyces Penicillium Agaricus Bacillus DËi: Bacillus e ̈vL ̈v: Bacillus GKai‡bi e ̈vK‡Uwiqv hv Avw`‡Kvl Gi D`vniY| Ab ̈w`‡K Saccharomyces, Penicillium, Agaricus QÎvK Gi D`vniY, hv cÖK...Z †Kvl Gi D`vniY| 4. †Kvb aviYvwU †KvlZ‡Ë¡i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? [DU-A: 9-10] †Kvl mKj Ro e ̄‘ MV‡bi GKK mKj †KvlB †R‡bwUK ̈vwj Awfbœ mKj †KvlB ̄^-DTM¢‚Z †Kvl mKj RxešÍ e ̄‘i Kg©Kv‡Ûi GKK DËi: †Kvl mKj RxešÍ e ̄‘i Kg©Kv‡Ûi GKK e ̈vL ̈v: †KvlZË¡ Abymv‡i, i) †Kvl n‡jv RxešÍ mË¡vi MvVwbK, kvixie„Ëxq I mvsMVwbK GKK| ii) †Kvl n‡jv Rxe‡bi †gŠwjK GKK| iii) †Kvl eskMwZi GKK| iv) me©cÖKvi RxeB GK ev GKvwaK †Kvl Øviv MwVZ Ges c~e©m„ó †Kvl †_‡KB bZzb †Kv‡li m„wó| 5. †Kvl cÖvPx‡ii ÿz`aZg MvVwbK GKK n‡jvÑ [DU-A: 18-19, Cluster Agri: 22-23, JU-D: 22-23] Micelle Micro fibril Fibril Fibre DËi: Micelle e ̈vL ̈v: gvB‡mwj‡K †Kvl cÖvPx‡ii ÿz`aZg MvVwbK GKK aiv nq| cÖvq 20wU gvB‡mwj‡Z GKwU Micro fibril, 250wU gvB‡μvdvBwea‡j GKwU Macro fibril Ges A‡bK ̧‡jv g ̈v‡μvdvBwea‡j GKwU dvBevi MVb K‡i| 6. Aw·‡mvg †Kvb A1⁄2vYyi Ask? [DU-A: 21-22, DU-7 College: 22-23] ivB‡ev‡mvg †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ gvB‡UvKwÛaqv MjwM ewW DËi: gvB‡UvKwÛaqv e ̈vL ̈v: gvB‡UvKwÛaqvi AšÍtAveiYxi AšÍM©v‡Î AwZ m~2 AmsL ̈ `vbv †j‡M _v‡K| G‡`i Aw·‡Rvg e‡j| Aw·‡Rvg e„šÍK ev Ae„šÍK n‡Z cv‡i| e„šÍK Aw·‡Rvg g ̄ÍK, †euvUv I f‚wg wb‡q MwVZ| 7. ATP Synthases †Kv‡li †Kv_vq N‡U? [DU-A: 21-22] MjwM ewW ivB‡ev‡Rvg wbDwK¬qvm gvB‡UvKwÛaqv DËi: gvB‡UvKwÛaqv e ̈vL ̈v: gvB‡UvKwÛaqvi †fŠZ MV‡bi Askvejx:-  AveiYx  cÖ‡Kvô  wμw÷/cÖea©K  Aw·‡mvg  ATP Synthases ETC  e„ËvKvi DNA I ivB‡ev‡mvg
2 ......................................................................................................................................  Biology 1st Paper Chapter-01 8. wb‡Pi †KvbwU gvB‡UvKwÛaqvi wØ ̄Íix Avei‡Yi g‡a ̈ _v‡K? [DU-A: 17-18] †cÖvwUb wjwcW GbRvBg †Kv-GbRvBg DËi: †Kv-GbRvBg e ̈vL ̈v: `yB c`©vi gvSLv‡bi cÖ‡Kvô‡K ewntcÖ‡Kvô ev †cwigvB‡UvKwÛaqvj † ̄úm (Perimitochondrial space) e‡j| cÖ‡Kvô Gi ga ̈eZ©x e ̈eavb 6-8 nm GwU †Kv-GbRvBg G mg„×| Zij c`v_© Øviv c~Y© _v‡K| AšÍtc`©v †ewóZ †fZ‡ii wØ ̄Íix AveiYx‡Z wKQzUav݇cvU© †cÖvwUb _v‡K, hv cÖ‡qvR‡b mwμq Uav݇cv‡U© mnvqZv K‡i| wKQz cÖ‡Kv‡ôi Af ̈šÍ‡i GB Zij c`v_©‡K avÎ ev g ̈vwUa· e‡j| 9. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wμw÷ aviY K‡i? [DU-A: 15-16] ivB‡ev‡mvg jvB‡mv‡Rvg gvB‡UvKwÛaqv †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ DËi: gvB‡UvKwÛaqv e ̈vL ̈v: wb¤œwjwLZ Ask wb‡q gvB‡UvKwÛaqv MwVZ 1. AveiYx, 2. cÖ‡Kvô, 3. wμw÷ cÖea©K, 4. Aw·‡mvg, 5. ATP Synthases I ETC, 6. e„ËvKvi DNA I 7. ivB‡ev‡mvg 10. gvB‡UvKwÛaqvi cÖavb KvRÑ [DU: 07-08] Lv` ̈ ˆZix Kiv eR© ̈ c`v_© wbM©Z Kiv kw3 Drcv`b Kiv Lv` ̈ gRy` Kiv DËi: kw3 Drcv`b Kiv 11. mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi iÄK c`v_© ̧‡jv †Kv_vq _v‡K? [DU-A: 21-22] _vBjvK‡qW †÷avgvq MÖvbvq mvB‡UvcøvRg DËi: _vBjvK‡qW e ̈vL ̈v: _vBjvK‡q‡Wi †fZ‡i GKwU cÖ‡Kvô _v‡K †hLv‡b †K¬v‡ivwdj-a, †K¬v‡ivwdj-b, R ̈v‡š’vwdj, K ̈v‡ivwUb BZ ̈vw` iÄK c`v_© _v‡K| G ̧‡jv‡K †Kvqv‡›Uv‡mvg e‡j| 12. †cÖvwUb mÂqKvix wjD‡Kvcøv÷ †KvbwU? [DU-7 College: 20-21] BjvBIcøv÷ A ̈vwjD‡ivcøv÷ †μv‡gvcøv÷ A ̈vgvB‡jvcøv÷ DËi: A ̈vwjD‡ivcøv÷ e ̈vL ̈v:  A ̈vgvB‡jvcøv÷: ÷vP© ev †k^Zmvi mÂq  BjvBIcøv÷: †Zj ev Pwe© mÂq  †cÖvwU‡bvcøv÷/A ̈vwjD‡ivcøv÷: †cÖvwUb mÂq  †μv‡gvcøv÷: iÄK eY© aviYKvix cøvw÷W| 13. †k^Zmvi RvZxq c`v_© mÂqKvix wjD‡Kvcøv÷ †KvbwU? [DU-A: 16-17, RU-F: 17-18, BRUR-F: 17-18] Elaioplast Protoplast Amyloplast Aleuroplast DËi: Amyloplast e ̈vL ̈v: ÷vP© ev †k^Zmvi mÂqKvix wjD‡Kvcøv÷: A ̈vgvB‡jvcøv÷; BjvBIcøv÷: †Zj ev Pwe© A ̈vwjD‡ivcøv÷: †cÖvwUb 14. wbDwK¬qv‡mi cÖ_g eY©bv K‡ib- [DU-A: 12-13] ievU© eavDb A ̈vwi÷Uj Av‡jK‡RÛvi †d¬wgs jyB cv ̄‘i DËi: ievU© eavDb e ̈vL ̈v: ievU© eavDb: 1831 mv‡j me©cÖ_g DwTM¢`‡Kvl G my ̄úó †MvjvKvi wbDwK¬qvm Gi Aw ̄ÍZ¡ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| A ̈vwi÷Uj: cÖvwYwe` ̈vi I RxeweÁv‡bi RbK| jyBcv ̄‘i: AvaywbK e ̈vK‡UwiIjwRi RbK| Av‡jK‡RÛvi †d¬wgs: †cwbwmwjb A ̈vw›Uev‡qvwUK Gi Avwe®‹viK| 15. gvbe‡`‡n wbDwK¬qvmwenxb †Kvl †KvbwU? [DU-A: 21-22, Agri Cluster: 19-20] ‡jvwnZ i3 KwYKv †k^Z i3KwYKv ̄œvqy‡Kvl ü`‡Kvl DËi: †jvwnZ i3 KwYKv e ̈vL ̈v: GKwU †Kv‡l mvaviYZ GKwU gvÎ wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K| wKQz wKQz GKvwaK wbDwK¬qvm _vK‡Z cv‡i| Avevi, wKQz msL ̈K †Kvl G wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K bv| †hgb: DwTM¢‡`i †f‡mj, wmfbj, i‡3i †jvwnZ KwYKv, AYyPwμKv| 16. †KvbwU wm‡bvmvBwUK ˆkev‡ji D`vniY? [DU-A: 17-18] Ulothrix Botrydium Nostoc Polysiphonia DËi: Botrydium e ̈vL ̈v: Vaucheria, Botrydium, Sphaeroplea BZ ̈vw` ˆkevj, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Agaricus cÖf...wZ QÎvK Opalina bvgK Av` ̈cÖvYxi †Kv‡l, †giæ`Ûx cÖvYxi Hw”QK †cwk †Kv‡l Ges Aw ̄’‡Kv‡l eûmsL ̈K wbDwK¬qvm †`Lv hvq| DwTM¢‡`i eû wbDwK¬qvmhy3 †Kvl‡K wm‡bvmvBU ejv nq| 17. wbDwK¬qv‡mi †h Ask †μv‡gv‡Rvg aviY K‡i Zvi bvg n‡”Q- [DU: 05-06] Nuclear Membrane Nucleoplasm Nucleus Nucleur Reticulum DËi: Nucleoplasm e ̈vL ̈v: Nucleoplasm Gi KvR:  †μvgvwUb RvwjKv aviY Kiv|  wbDwK¬Ijvm aviY Kiv|  wbDwK¬qv‡mi wewfbœ ˆRewbK Kv‡R mvnvh ̈ Kiv|  GbRvBg Gi Kvh©Kvjv‡ci g~j‡ÿÎ wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv| 18. wcqv‡Ri g~‡j †gUv‡dR ch©v‡qi †μv‡gv‡Rvg msL ̈v KZ? [DU-H: 19-20,Cluster Agri: 22-23, CVASU: 15-16] 10 12 14 16 DËi: 16
†Kvl I Gi MVb  Varsity Practice Sheet ........................................................................................................................... 3 19. wbDwK¬K Gwm‡Wi cybive„Ë GKK †KvbwU? [DU-A: 23-24] †ccUvBW bvB‡Uav‡Rb †em wbDwK¬ImvBW wbDwK¬IUvBW DËi: wbDwK¬IUvBW e ̈vL ̈v: A‡bK ̧‡jv wbDwK¬IUvBW 5ʹ-3ʹ AbygyLx n‡q ci ̄úi dm‡dvWvBG÷vi eÜbxi mvnv‡h ̈ hy3 n‡q j¤^v ˆiwLK k„•Lj m„wó K‡i, hv cwjwbDwK¬IUvBW| DNA AYyi cÖwZwU †nwj· G‡KKwU cwjwbDwK¬IUvBW †PBb| DNA Gi MVb GKK n‡jv wbDwK¬IUvBW| 20. DNA Wvej †nwj· Gi `ywU ÷a ̈vÛ Gi ga ̈eZ©x `yiZ¡- [DU-A: 17-18] 3.4 nm 2 nm 0.34 nm 34 nm DËi: 2 nm e ̈vL ̈v: Watson & Crick cÖ`Ë Wvej †nwj· g‡Wj (1953) Abyhvqx DNA AYyi †fŠZ MVb  DNA AYy wØm~ÎK Ges m~Î `ywU mg`~i‡Z¡ ci ̄úi wecixZgyLx|  GKwU m~‡Îi A ̈vwWwbb Aci m~‡Îi _vBwg‡bi mv‡_ `ywU nvB‡Wav‡Rb eÜbx w`‡q Ges GKwU m~‡Îi ̧qvwbb Aci m~‡Îi mvB‡Uvwm‡bi mv‡_ wZbwU nvB‡Wav‡Rb eÜbx w`‡q hy3 nq A = T & G ≡ C) Wvej †nwj‡·i cÖwZwU N~Y©‡b (ev cu ̈v‡P) 10 †Rvov g‡bvwbDwK¬IUvBW _v‡K| Wvej †nwj· Gi cÖwZwU cu ̈vP ev N~Y©‡bi `yiZ¡ 34Å (3.4 nm)|  Wvej †nwj· Gi e ̈vm 20Å (2.0 nm), ‰`N© ̈ ‰ewkó ̈ Abyhvqx wfbœZi n‡Z cv‡i| wmuwoi GK avc n‡Z Aci av‡ci `yiZ¡ 3.4Å(0.34 nm)|  cÖwZwU cu ̈v‡P nvB‡Wav‡Rb eÛ msL ̈v 25wU|  DNA Gi AvYweK IRb (106 -109 ) |  ÿvi ̧‡jv (A,T,G,C) ïMvi Gi 1bs Kve©‡bi mv‡_ hy3 _v‡K| 21. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Gw›U‡KvWb enb K‡i? [DU-7 College: 22-23] mRNA tRNA rRNA dRNA DËi: tRNA e ̈vL ̈v: tRNA-  U AvK...wZi duvm _v‡K, me‡P‡q ̧iæZ¡ c~Y© duvm n‡jv A ̈vw›U‡KvWb duvm|  kZKiv 15 fvM RNA - tRNA|  me‡P‡q ÿz`a RNA  cÖwZwU †Kv‡l 31-42 ai‡bi tRNA _v‡K|  Gi KvR A ̈vwg‡bv GwmW ̄’vbvšÍi| 22. A ̈vw›U‡KvWb _v‡KÑ [DU-A: 15-16, RU: 15-16; 10-11; 04-05] tRNA mRNA rRNA DNA DËi: tRNA e ̈vL ̈v: UavÝdvi RNA (tRNA):  me‡P‡q ÿz`avKvi RNA  cÖwZ †Kv‡l 31-42 ai‡bi tRNA _v‡K| †Kv‡li cÖvq 15% tRNA|  je1⁄2 cÎ ev †K¬vfvi wjd g‡Wj Abyhvqx tRNA †Z cvuPwU evû _v‡K| h_v: 1) A ̈vwg‡bv GwmW, 2) T evû, 3) D evû 4) A ̈vw›U‡KvWb evû 5) AwZwi3 evû 23. †KvbwU mgvwß †KvW bq? [DU-7 College: 22-23] AUG UAG UAA UGA DËi: AUG e ̈vL ̈v: mgvcbx †KvW wZbwU n‡”Q UAA (Ochre), UAG (Amber) Ges UGA (Opal)| 24. †Kvb †KvWbwU †Kv‡bv A ̈vgvB‡bv GwmW wb‡`©k K‡i bv? [DU-A: 20-21] CCU ACU UGA AAG DËi: UGA e ̈vL ̈v: †KvWb m¤úwK©Z Z_ ̈vewj:  m~Pbv wb‡`©k: 64wU †Kv‡Wi g‡a ̈ AUG (KL‡bv GUG) †KvWwU‡K m~Pbv (start) †KvWb ejv nq| †Kbbv GwU cwj‡ccUvBW ev †cÖvwUb ms‡køl‡Yi m~Pbv wb‡`©k K‡i|  mgvwß wb‡`©k: 64wU †Kv‡Wi g‡a ̈ 3wU †KvW †Kv‡bv A ̈vwg‡bv GwmW‡K †KvW K‡i bv, Giv cwj‡ccUvBW ms‡køl‡Yi mgvwß ms‡KZ cÖ`vb K‡i| G‡`i‡K mgvcbx †KvW ev bb-‡mÝ †KvW ev Uvwg©bvj †KvW e‡j| mgvcbx †KvW wZbwU n‡”Q UAA (Ochre), UAG (Amber) Ges UGA (Opal)| 25. †Kvlc`©vi d¬zBW †gvRvBK g‡Wj †K cÖ ̄Íve K‡ib? [DU-A: 17-18] W ̈vwb‡qwj I †Wfmb wjbvW© Ges wm1⁄2vi wm1⁄2vi I wbKjmb ‡ebmb DËi: wm1⁄2vi Ges wbKjmb e ̈vL ̈v: cøvRgv‡gg‡eab Gi MVb msμvšÍ e ̈vL ̈v `vb cÖm‡1⁄2 1972 mv‡j Gm.‡R. wm1⁄2vi Ges wR.Gj. wbKjmb KZ...©K cÖewZ©Z g‡Wj‡K d¬yBW †gvRvBK g‡Wj e‡j| G g‡Wj Abyhvqx †KvlwSwjø wØ ̄Íiwewkó| W ̈vwb‡qwj I †Wfmb Sandwitch g‡Wj †`b| 26. †Kvb weÁvbx †μv‡gv‡Rvg (Chromosome) Avwe®‹vi K‡ib? [DU: 01-02, RU: 08-09, JnU: 14-15] Mendel Darwin Watson & Crick Strasburger DËi: Strasburger e ̈vL ̈v: myBm DwTM¢`weÁvbx Kvj© bv‡Mwj 1842 mv‡j me©cÖ_g DwTM¢`‡Kv‡li wbDwK¬qv‡m †μv‡gv‡Rvg cÖZ ̈ÿ K‡ib| Rvg©vb DwTM¢`weÁvbx A ̈vWzqvW© ÷avmevR©vi 1875 mv‡j †Kvl wefvR‡bi myZvi g‡Zv MVbwewkó †μv‡gv‡Rvg jÿ K‡ib|
4 ......................................................................................................................................  Biology 1st Paper Chapter-01 weMZ mv‡j GST-G Avmv cÖkœvejx 1. GKwU mRNA Gi MV‡b wgD‡Uk‡bi Rb ̈ UGG †KvWwU UGA †Z cwiewZ©Z n‡j †KvbwU NU‡Z cv‡i? [GST-A: 20-21] mRNA †_‡K †cÖvwUb ˆZwii mgq Uav݇jkb cÖwμqv †_‡g hv‡e UavÝwμckb c×wZ evavMÖ ̄’ n‡e wifvm© UavÝwμckb c×wZ evavMÖ ̄’ n‡e mRNA wU tRNA †Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡e DËi: mRNA †_‡K †cÖvwUb ˆZwii mgq Uav݇jkb cÖwμqv †_‡g hv‡e e ̈vL ̈v: ivB‡ev‡Rv‡gi A mvBU mRNA Gi mgvwß †KvWb ms‡K‡Zi Kv‡Q bv Avmv ch©šÍ `xN©KiY cÖwμqv Pj‡Z _v‡K| mRNA Gi wZbwU mgvwß †KvWb UAA, UAG, UGA Gi †Kv‡bv GKwU A mvBU Avmv gvÎ wiwjwRs d ̈v±‡ii (A ̈vwg‡bv GwmWwenxb we‡kl tRNA) mnvqZvq †cÖvwUb k„•Lj ms‡køl‡Yi mgvwß N‡U| AZtci P mvB‡Ui tRNA A ̈vwg‡bv GwmW Z ̈vM K‡i ivB‡ev‡Rvg †_‡K gy3 n‡q hvq (E mvBU w`‡q) Ges cici A mvB‡U Ae ̄’vbKvix wiwjwRs d ̈v±i gy3 nq| 2. wWGbG cÖwZwjwc ˆZwii Rb ̈ AZ ̈vek ̈Kxq GbRvBg †KvbwU? [GST-A: 20-21] G·vwbDwK¬‡qR cwjgv‡iR A ̈vgvB‡jR wbDwK¬qvi †gg‡eab DËi: cwjgv‡iR 3. DNA †nwj‡KR Gi KvR †KvbwU? [GST-A: 23-24] cÖæd wiwWs DNA Wvej †nwj· c ̈vuP †Lvjv DNA cÖwZwjwc m„wó wkKj †_‡K cÖvBgvi AcmviY Kiv DËi: DNA Wvej †nwj· c ̈vuP †Lvjv e ̈vL ̈v: †iwcø‡Kk‡bi Rb ̈ cÖ‡qvRbxq GbRvBg  U‡cvAvB‡mvgv‡iR: DNA AYy‡K AwZ gvÎvq cu ̈vPv‡bv Ae ̄’v †_‡K gy3 K‡i iv‡L  †nwj‡KR: `ywU †nwj‡·i gv‡S nvB‡Wav‡Rb eÜbx †f‡O w`‡q m~Î `ywU c„_K K‡i|  SSBP/HDP: GKK †nwj‡·i mv‡_ Rwo‡q †_‡K wcQb w`‡K cyYtcvK m„wó cÖwZnZ K‡i|  DNA cwjgv‡iR: wbDwK¬‡qvUvBW AYy hy3 K‡i 5ʹ cÖvšÍ †_‡K 3ʹ cÖvšÍ wb‡`©wkZ cwic~iK ÷a ̈vÛ ev wkKj MVb K‡i _v‡K| DNA cÖæd wiwWs K‡i|  jvB‡MR: †QvU †QvU DNA L‡Ûi g‡a ̈ (IKvRvwK) eÜbx m„wó I †givgZ mvab K‡i|  MvB‡iR: Abywjcbkxj DNA AYyi cÖwZ cvK Ly‡j †`q, Avevi DNA AYyi Abywjcb †k‡l AwZ cvK ˆZwi K‡i| 4. DNA iwÄZKi‡Y e ̈envi Kiv nq †KvbwU? [GST-A: 21-22] Feulgen stain Methylene blue Crystal violet Safranin DËi: Feulgen stain e ̈vL ̈v: Feulgen stain GK cÖKvi iÄbwfwËK †UKwbK hv ievU© wdDj‡Mb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| mvaviYZ wUmy ̈ ev †Kvl †_‡K †μv‡gv‡Rvg ev DNA kbv3 Kivi Rb ̈ e ̈eüZ nq| 5. †Kvl wefvR‡bi mgq †μv‡gv‡mv‡gi wecixZ †giæ‡Z Pj‡Z mvnvh ̈ K‡i †KvbwU? [GST-A: 23-24] gvB‡μvwUDweDjm ivB‡ev‡Rvg MjwR e ̄‘ G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjvg DËi: gvB‡μvwUDweDjm e ̈vL ̈v: †Kvl wefvR‡bi mgq †μv‡gv‡mv‡gi wecixZ †giæ‡Z Pj‡Z mvnvh ̈ K‡i gvB‡μvwUDweDjm 6. †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ Dcw ̄’Z _v‡K †Kvb AYyRx‡e? [GST-A: 21-22] Bacillus sp. Plasmodium sp. Mucor sp. Spirogyra sp. DËi: Spirogyra sp. e ̈vL ̈v: wb¤œ‡kÖYxi DwTM¢`‡Kv‡l n‡iK iK‡gi †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb- Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, Oedogonium, Zygnema, Ulothrix, Pithophora| ˆkev‡j †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷i ˆewPÎ ̈ †ewk| 7. †μem P‡μi wewμqv ̧‡jv †Kv‡li †Kv_vq msNwUZ nq? [GST-A: 21-22] gvB‡UvKwÛaqvq †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷ mvB‡UvcøvR‡g ivB‡ev‡Rv‡g DËi: gvB‡UvKwÛaqv e ̈vL ̈v: k^m‡bi 4wU avc i‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡a ̈ 1g avc MøvB‡KvjvBwmm e ̈ZxZ †μem Pμ mn evKx avc ̧‡jv gvB‡UvKwÛaqv‡Z msNwUZ nq| MøvB‡KvjvBwmm mevZ I AevZ Dfq k^m‡bi 1g avc nIqvq GwU mvB‡UvcøvR‡g msNwUZ nq| 8. `ywU cvkvcvwk †Kv‡li cÖvPx‡ii K‚‡ci gva ̈‡g ms‡hvM ̄’vwcZ nq [GST-A: 22-23] ivB‡ev‡mvwgK IwjI‡mvwgK mvB‡UvcøvRwgK jvB‡mv‡RvwgK DËi: mvB‡UvcøvRwgK e ̈vL ̈v: `ywU cvkvcvwk Aew ̄’Z †Kv‡li cÖvPx‡ii K‚c GjvKvi m~2 wQ`a c‡_ bjvKvi mvB‡UvcøvRwgK ms‡hvM ̄’vwcZ nq| G‡K cøvR‡gv‡WmgvUv (GKeP‡b cøvR‡gv‡Wmgv) e‡j| 9. †Kvb weÁvbx mvB‡Uvmj kãwU cÖ_g e ̈envi K‡ib? [GST-A: 23-24] †R wKD cøvIqvi Kvj© wc. †mvqvbmb Gm †R wmsMvi GBP. G. jvwW© DËi: GBP. G. jvwW© e ̈vL ̈v: GBP. G. jvwW© (1965) mv‡j cÖ_g mvB‡Uvmj kãwU e ̈envi K‡ib|