Tiêu đề TỜ SỐ 15 TEST 02 UNIT 4 URBANISATION.docx ✅

Question 17: a. Additionally, the rapid population growth leads to pollution, with large amounts of waste that exceed the capacity of sanitation services, which could be addressed by encouraging community cleanups or imposing fines for littering. b. Urbanization, the movement of people from rural to urban areas, brings more opportunities but also significant problems, especially when the population grows too quickly. c. Finally, traffic congestion caused by the use of private cars can be alleviated by encouraging public transportation, thus reducing both traffic and air pollution. d. In urban areas, high living costs force many people to live in slums with poor conditions, such as high crime rates and limited access to healthcare. e. To solve this, more social workers and police could be deployed, or the government could invest in better quality, low-cost housing. [Adapted from ilearn Smart World] A. b-e-a-d-c B. b-a-e-d-c C. b-d-e-a-c D. b-a-e-c-d Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Human populations have tended to increase over time. As more people were born, small groups of individuals found reasons to come together to form groups and, with the advent of agriculture, small sedentary communities. A small number of these settlements grew into (18) ________. This kind of growth often corresponds with a shift from one way of organizing labor to another. The world population has grown significantly, (19) ________. As a result, many more people have moved into cities. This process is known as urbanization. Even after cities emerged, however, a large majority of people lived and worked in rural areas. It was not until large-scale industrialization began in the eighteenth century that cities really began to boom. Nearly half of all people now live in urban areas. They are attracted by jobs in manufacturing and the professions, as well as by increased opportunities for education and entertainment. (20) ________ are currently in the process of industrializing and urbanizing, but all industrialized nations have experienced urbanization at some point in their history. Moreover, urbanization is on the rise all over the globe. One effect of this huge increase in people living in urban areas is the rise of the megacity, (21) ________. There are now cities with even more than that. Tokyo, Japan, for example, has nearly 40 million residents. (22) ________. Urban sprawl is when the population of a city becomes dispersed over an increasingly large geographical area. This movement from higher density urban cores to lower density suburbs means that as cities expand, they often begin to take up significant tracts of land formerly used for agriculture. Sprawl also increases the need for travel infrastructure, such as roads, because people’s homes are likely to be farther away from where they work and the amenities they enjoy. [Adapted from: https://education.nationalgeographic.org] Question 18: A. what we now call cities B. that we now call cities C. which we now call cities D. a place where we now call cities Question 19: A. and our economies have become more industrialized over the past few hundred years B. our economies having been becoming more industrialized over the past few hundred years C. as well as our economies became more industrialized over the past few hundred years D. because our economies have become more industrialized over the past few hundred years Question 20: A. Regarding urbanization is countries that is often discussed B. urbanization is often discussed in reference to countries C. Countries is discussing many pressing issues about urbanization D. Urbanization is often discussed in reference to countries that Question 21: A. where a city that has more than 10 million inhabitants B. a city has more than 10 million inhabitants
C. which is a city that has more than 10 million inhabitants D. called a city where has more than 10 million inhabitants Question 22: A. Urban growth often leads to suburban development, creating extensive urban areas. B. Many cities around the world are facing similar urbanization challenges. C. Another effect of urbanization is urban sprawl. D. Megacities are known for their dense populations, leading to many infrastructural challenges. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions. During the 19th-century industrial revolution, urbanization rapidly reshaped societies, transforming tranquil landscapes into bustling cities filled with factories, railways, and towering structures. Classic literature, particularly Charles Dickens' "Hard Times," vividly captures this transformation, illustrating the significant economic opportunities that urbanization offered. Factories created jobs and infrastructure improved trade, making cities hubs of progress and innovation. Despite these advancements, the rapid pace of growth brought with it considerable costs. Dickens highlights severe social inequalities, where while some thrived, many faced dire conditions. Overcrowded slums and poor living conditions became common as the urban poor struggled with inadequate housing and sanitation. The stark contrast between the wealthy and the impoverished underscored the harsh realities of urban life despite the apparent progress. Environmental degradation also became a critical issue as cities expanded. The destruction of green spaces and the rise in pollution were direct consequences of unchecked urban growth. The smog-filled skies and contaminated rivers depicted in literature from this era reflect the broader environmental impact of rapid industrialization. The cities, while symbols of modernity, faced significant challenges related to environmental sustainability. In conclusion, classic literature shows that urbanization involves both benefits and drawbacks. While urban centers have spurred significant economic and social they also present challenges requiring balanced solutions. The legacy of urbanization highlights the need to address both human and environmental concerns in future growth. [Adapted from the Medium] Question 23: The word "tranquil" in paragraph 1 is CLOSEST in meaning to __________. A. chaotic B. serene C. noisy D. bustling Question 24: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of urbanization in the passage? A. Overcrowding B. Poor living conditions C. Environmental degradation D. Rapid urbanization Question 25: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3? A. The skies and rivers became polluted during industrialization, and this was a major concern in the literature of the time. B. The pollution of rivers and air in this era is a key theme in literature, reflecting the negative effects of industrial progress. C. The polluted rivers and skies described in the literature of the time illustrate the widespread environmental consequences of rapid industrialization. D. The literature of the time shows the positive aspects of industrial growth, such as clean rivers and clear skies. Question 26: The word "underscored" in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______________. A. highlighted B. obscured C. illustrated D. contributed Question 27: The word "they" in the last paragraph refers to ____________. A. urban centers B. benefits and drawbacks C. classic literature D. economic and social advancements Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. There was no social inequality between the rich and the poor in urban areas. B. Urbanization led to the destruction of green spaces and increased pollution. C. Literature from this time period depicts only the positive aspects of urbanization D. Urban growth during the early 20th century did not lead to significant environmental problems.