Tiêu đề Che. Cycle Medical Practice Sheet (1st) With Solv.pdf ✅

̧YMZ imvqb  Chemistry Cycle Medical Practice Sheet.................................................................................................. 1 ̧YMZ imvqb Qualitative Chemistry weMZ mv‡j MAT-G Avmv cÖkœvejx 1. Kv‡iwÝ †bv‡U wmwKDwiwUR Dcvq wnmv‡e †Kvb we‡kl ivmvqwbK c`v_© e ̈eüZ nq? [MAT 22-23] wmjfvi Av‡qvWvBW wmjfvi bvB‡UaU †mvwWqvg bvB‡UaU dm‡dvi DËi: dm‡dvi e ̈vL ̈v: Rvj Kv‡iwÝ †bvU kbv3Ki‡Y dm‡dvi bvgK we‡kl ivmvqwbK c`v_© e ̈eüZ nq| UV iwk¥i e„nr wd«Kz‡qwÝi †dvUb Øviv dm‡dvi AYyi B‡jKUab D‡ËwRZ n‡q D”PZi kw3 ͇̄i DbœxZ nq| dm‡dvi AYyi D‡ËwRZ B‡jKUab Aw ̄’wZkxj Ae ̄’v †_‡K myw ̄’Z Ae ̄’vq †divi c‡_ c~‡e© †kvwlZ kw3 `„k ̈gvb A‡j Av‡jvi wbw`©ó e‡Y©i cÖwZcÖfv m„wó K‡i| G bxwZi Ici wfwË K‡i Rvj Kv‡iwÝ †bvU kbv3Ki‡Y UV iwk¥ e ̈eüZ nq| 2. GKwU `ave‡K wZbwU c`v‡_©i `ave ̈Zv 12, 25 I 62, †Kvb c×wZ‡Z GB wZbwU c`v_©‡K c„_K Kiv hv‡e? [MAT 21-22] `aveK wb®..vkb (solvent extraction) †Kjvmb (crystallization) AvswkK †Kjvmb (fractional crystallization) AvswkK cvZb (fractional distillation) DËi: AvswkK †Kjvmb (fractional crystallization) e ̈vL ̈v: AvswkK †Kjvmb: GKB `ave‡K wewfbœ `ave ̈Zv wewkó `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK KwVb c`v‡_©i m¤ú„3 `aeY †_‡K wgkÖ‡Yi Dcv`vb ̧‡jvi `ave ̈Zvi cv_©‡K ̈i Dci wfwË K‡i cÖ‡Z ̈KwU c`v_©‡K †KjvwmZ K‡i c„_K Kivi c×wZ‡K AvswkK †Kjvmb e‡j| G c×wZ cÖavbZ †h.Mmg~‡ni `ave ̈Zvi cv_©‡K ̈i Dci wbf©ikxj| 3. A ̈vwg‡bv GwmW I Kv‡e©vnvB‡WaU wgkÖY‡K Avjv`v Ki‡Z †Kvb †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd Chromatography) c×wZwU me‡P‡q fv‡jv? [MAT 21-22] cvZjv ̄Íi †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd (thin layer chromatography) M ̈vm †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd (gas chromatography) Kjvg †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd (column chromatography) KvMR †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd (paper chromatography) DËi: KvMR †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd (paper chromatography) e ̈vL ̈v: KvMR †μvgv‡UavMÖvwd Gi e ̈envi: myMvi, A ̈vgvB‡bv GwmW, wjwcW, wbDwK¬K GwmW BZ ̈vw` kbv3Ki‡Y I c„_K Kivi Rb ̈ KvMR †μvgv‡UavMÖvwd e ̈eüZ nq| 4. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cvigvYweK e ̈v‡mi wbKUZg? [MAT 20-21] 1  10–5 cm 1  10–10 cm 1  10–13 cm 1  10–8 cm DËi: 1  10–8 cm e ̈vL ̈v: H cigvYyi e ̈vm = 1 × 10–8 cm Ges wbDwK¬qv‡mi e ̈vm = 1 × 10–12 cm 5. wb‡Pi †Kvb cigvYyi d AiweUv‡j B‡jKUab Av‡Q? [MAT 20-21] Ca Sc Ar K DËi: Sc e ̈vL ̈v: Sc(21)  [Ar] 3d1 4s2 Sc Gi 21 Zg B‡jKUab 3d AiweUv‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i| 6. we`y ̈r Pz¤^Kxq wewKi‡Yi me©vwaK Zi1⁄2‣`N© ̈ cwimi wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z? [MAT 20-21, 14-15] UV iwk¥ X-ray Ae‡jvwnZ iwk¥ †Uwjwfkb Zi1⁄2 DËi: †Uwjwfkb Zi1⁄2 e ̈vL ̈v: wewfbœ ai‡bi Zwor Pz¤^Kxq wewKi‡Yi Zi1⁄2‣`N© ̈: Zwor Pz¤^Kxq wewKiY Zi1⁄2•`N© ̈ gnvRvMwZK iwk¥ < 0.0005 nm Mvgv iwk¥ 0.0005 nm – 0.01 nm iÄb iwk¥ 0.01 nm – 10 nm AwZ‡e ̧wb iwk¥ 10 nm – 380 nm `„k ̈gvb Av‡jv 380 nm – 780 nm Ae‡jvwnZ iwk¥ 780 nm – 1mm gvB‡μvI‡qf AÂj 1 mm – 1 m †iwWI I †Uwjwfkb 1 mm – 10 km myZivs, Zi1⁄2‣`‡N© ̈i μg: -ray < X-ray < UV-ray < Visible-ray < IR-ray < Microwave < Radiowave 7. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ôflame test’ G ÔGolden yellow’ cÖZxqgvb nq? [MAT 19-20] K Ca Cu Na DËi: Na
2 ....................................................................................................................................  Chemistry 1st Paper Chapter-2 e ̈vL ̈v: wkLv cixÿvq cÖ`wk©Z eY©: avZz/avZe Avqb eY© eøy-Møvm/†Kvevë Kuv‡P eY© Li/Li+ D3⁄4¡j jvj – Na/Na+ †mvbvjx njy` eY©nxb K/K+ nvjKv †e ̧wb †Mvjvcx jvj Rb/Rb+ jvj‡P †e ̧wb – Cs/Cs+ bxj – Ba/Ba2+ KuvPv Av‡c‡ji gZ meyR bxjvf meyR Ca/Ca2+ B‡Ui b ̈vq jvj nvjKv meyR Sr/Sr2+ UKU‡K jvj – Ra/Ra2+ jvj – Cu/Cu2+ bxjvf meyR eY©nxb 8. †mvwWqvg Avq‡b KZ ̧‡jv B‡jKUab _v‡K? [MAT 19-20] 11 5 10 13 DËi: 10 e ̈vL ̈v: Na(11)  1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 Na+ (10)  1s2 2s2 2p6 9. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mn‡R cvwb‡Z `aexf~Z nq? [MAT 19-20; DAT 20-21] Carbon Iodine Ammonia Nitrogen DËi: Ammonia e ̈vL ̈v: A ̈v‡gvwbqv †cvjvi `aveK nIqvq GwU mn‡RB cvwb‡Z `aexf~Z n‡q NH+ 4 – OH– MVb K‡i| 10. Aw·‡R‡b KZwU AvB‡mv‡Uvc cvIqv hvq? [MAT 19-20] wZbwU PviwU GKwU `yBwU DËi: wZbwU e ̈vL ̈v: cÖK...wZ‡Z Aw·‡R‡bi wZbwU ̄’vqx AvB‡mv‡Uvc we` ̈gvb| h_v: 16 8O, 17 8O, 18 8O 11. b ̈vc_wj‡bi we‡kva‡b †Kvb cÖwμqvwU e ̈eüZ nq? [MAT 18-19; DAT 20-21] EaŸ©cvZb w÷gcvZb AvswkK cvZb wb¤œPvc cvZb DËi: EaŸ©cvZb e ̈vL ̈v: EaŸ©cvZb: †Kv‡bv KwVb c`v_©‡K Zvc cÖ‡qv‡M ev‡®ú cwiYZ Kivi ci cybivq kxZj K‡i KwVb Ae ̄’vq wdwi‡q Avbvi c×wZ‡K EaŸ©cvZb ejv nq| Kc©~i, b ̈vd_wjb, Av‡qvwWb, †ebRwqK GwmW EaŸ©cvZb‡hvM ̈ c`v_©| KwVb c`v_© ev®úxf~Z c`v_© GKB KwVb c`v_© Zvc kxZjKiY Kc©~i, b ̈vc_wjb, Av‡qvwWb, †ebRwqK GwmW cÖf...wZ KwVb e ̄‘‡K AbyØvqx †fRvj wgkÖY †_‡K EaŸ©cvZb cÖwμqvq we‡kvab Kiv nq| 12. cvi‡`i †iLv eY©vwj‡Z †Kvb iswU my ̄úófv‡e cvIqv hvq? [MAT 18-19] bxj njy` Kgjv Avmgvbx DËi: Kgjv e ̈vL ̈v: cvi‡`i A‡bK ̧‡jv †iLv eY©vwji g‡a ̈ meyR e‡Y©i ( = 540 nm), Kgjv e‡Y©i ( = 630 nm) Ges jvj e‡Y©i ( = 680nm) †iLv ̧‡jv my®úó nq| 13. wb‡Pi †Kvb †g.jwUi ̄’vqx AvB‡mv‡Uvc Av‡Q? [MAT 18-19, 15-16] Na K Fe Ca DËi: Na e ̈vL ̈v: †hmKj cigvYyi wbDwK¬qv‡m †cÖvUb msL ̈v (P) mgvb wKš‘ fimsL ̈v (A) mgvb bq, Zv‡`i‡K ci ̄ú‡ii AvB‡mv‡Uvc ejv nq| †hgb: H cigvYyi 3wU AvB‡mv‡Uvc we` ̈gvb| 1 1H (†cÖvwUqvg), 2 1H (wWD‡Uwiqvg), 3 1H (wUawUqvg)| cÖK...wZ‡Z wKQz †g.j (†hgb: Na, Au) ev‡` cÖvq me †g.‡ji GKvwaK AvB‡mv‡Uvc we` ̈gvb| 14. †hmKj cigvYyi fi msL ̈v GKB wKš‘ cvigvYweK msL ̈v wfbœ Zv‡`i bvg wK? [MAT 17-18; DAT 20-21; AFMC 19-20] Isotope Isobar Isomer Isotone DËi: Isobar e ̈vL ̈v: AvB‡mvevi (Isobar): †hme cigvYyi wbDwK¬qv‡mi cvigvYweK msL ̈v wfbœ wKš‘ fi msL ̈v GKB Zv‡`i‡K ci ̄ú‡ii AvB‡mvevi e‡j| wfbœ wfbœ †g.‡ji cigvYy‡Z AvB‡mvevi cwijwÿZ nq| D`vniY ̄^iƒc: 40 18Ar, 40 19K, 40 20Ca ci ̄ú‡ii AvB‡mvevi| 15. B‡jKUab web ̈v‡mi mvaviY wbq‡gi e ̈wZμg †`Lvq wb‡Pi †Kvb †g.jwU? [MAT 17-18] Zn Cr Fe Ca DËi: Cr e ̈vL ̈v: Cr(24)  [Ne] 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1 AvDdevD bxwZ Abymv‡i, Cr Gi B‡jKUab web ̈vm 3d4 4s2 nIqvi K_v| wKš‘ AiweUvjmg~n Aa©c~Y© ev c~Y© Ae ̄’vq AwaK w ̄’wZkxj| 3d AiweUv‡ji w ̄’wZkxjZv AR©‡bi Rb ̈ 4s n‡Z GKwU B‡jKUab 3d †Z G‡m c‡o| ZvB Cr Gi B‡jKUab web ̈vm mvaviY wbq‡gi e ̈wZμg nq| 16. Av‡jvK eY©vwji •`‡N© ̈i wfwˇZ †egvbvb †KvbwU? [MAT 16-17] AwZ‡e ̧bx iwk¥ iÄb iwk¥ Ae‡jvwnZ iwk¥ Mvgv iwk¥ DËi: Ae‡jvwnZ iwk¥ e ̈vL ̈v: Mvgv iwk¥, iÄb iwk¥ I AwZ‡e ̧wb iwk¥ cÖ‡Z ̈KB `„k ̈gvb Av‡jvi ( = 380 nm – 780 nm) †P‡q Kg Zi1⁄2‣`N© ̈m¤úbœ wKš‘ Ae‡jvwnZ iwk¥B †KejgvÎ `„k ̈gvb Av‡jv †_‡K AwaK Zi1⁄2‣`N© ̈ m¤úbœ|
̧YMZ imvqb  Chemistry Cycle Medical Practice Sheet................................................................................................. 3 17. wb‡Pi †Kvb mvj‡dU jeY cvwb‡Z A`aeYxq? [MAT 16-17; DAT 20-21] CuSO4 Na2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 BaSO4 DËi: BaSO4 e ̈vL ̈v: mvaviYZ AvqwbK †h.‡Mi nvB‡Wakb kw3 Gi j ̈vwUm kw3 ev †Kjvm j ̈vwUm fv1⁄2vi kw3i †P‡q †ewk n‡j Z‡e H †h.M cvwb‡Z `aexf~Z nq| nvB‡Wakb kw3 j ̈vwUm kw3i †P‡q Kg n‡j †h.M cvwb‡Z A`aeYxq| cvwb‡Z A`aeYxq jeY mg~n: CaCO3, ZnCO3 CuCO3, FeCO3, Fe2(CO3)3, Al2(CO3)3, CaSO4, BaSO4, PbSO4, AgSO4 18. Na(11) Gi B‡jKUab web ̈vm †KvbwU? [MAT 16-17] 1s2 2s2 2p5 3s2 1s2 2s2 2p4 3s3 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 1s2 2s3 2p3 3s4 DËi: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 e ̈vL ̈v: Na(11)  1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 19. †Kv‡bv †g.‡ji wewfbœ DcK‡ÿ m‡e©v”P B‡jKUab msL ̈v Rvbvi Rb ̈ wb‡¤œi †Kvb bxwZ e ̈eüZ nq bv? [MAT 16-17] AvDdevD bxwZ û‡Ûi bxwZ cwji eR©b bxwZ cøv‡1⁄4i bxwZ DËi: cøv‡1⁄4i bxwZ e ̈vL ̈v: AvDdevD bxwZ: cigvYy‡Z B‡jKUabmg~n wewfbœ AiweUv‡j Zv‡`i kw3i D”Pμg Abymv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| cvDwji eR©b bxwZ: GKB cigvYy‡Z `yBwU B‡jKUa‡bi PviwU †Kvqv›Uvg msL ̈vi gvb KL‡bv mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv| û‡Ûi bxwZ: mgkw3m¤úbœ wewfbœ AiweUv‡j B‡jKUabmg~n Ggbfv‡e Ae ̄’vb Ki‡e †hb Zviv me©vwaK msL ̈vq AhyM¥ ev we‡Rvo Ae ̄’vq _v‡K| Gme AhyM¥ B‡jKUa‡bi w ̄úb GKBgyLx n‡e| 20. `ae‡Y Na+ Avqb kbv3Ki‡Y wb‡Pi †KvbwU e ̈eüZ nq? [MAT 16-17] (NH4)2C2O4 K2H2Sb2O7 Na2H2Sb2O7 AgNO3 DËi: K2H2Sb2O7 e ̈vL ̈v: bvg weKvi‡Ki bvg Aat‡ÿ‡ci eY© Na+ cUvwkqvg cvB‡iv A ̈vw›U‡gv‡bU (K2H2Sb2O7) mv`v 2NaCl(aq) + K2H2Sb2O7(aq)  Na2H2Sb2O7 + 2KCl(aq) cUvwmqvg cvB‡iv mv`v Aat‡ÿc A ̈vw›U‡gv‡bU 21. 20% H2SO4 `ae‡Y cvwbi cwigvY KZ? [MAT 15-16] 80 gm 20 gm 100 gm 120 gm DËi: 80 gm e ̈vL ̈v: tC ZvcgvÎvq m MÖvg `ae †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY `ave‡K `aexf~Z n‡q M MÖvg m¤ú„3 `aeY Drcbœ Ki‡j, `ave‡Ki cwigvY = (M – m) g 20% H2SO4 `ae‡Yi †ÿ‡Î, 100 g `ae‡Y H2SO4 Av‡Q = 20 g  `aveK (H2O) Gi cwigvY = (100 – 20) = 80 gm 22. K ̈v‡_vW iwk¥ wK? [MAT 15-16] †evmb B‡jKUab †cÖvUb wbDUab DËi: B‡jKUab 23. Bbd«v‡iW Av‡jvi Zi1⁄2‣`N© ̈ KZ? [MAT 14-15] 0.78 m – 1000 m 380 nm – 780 nm 0.005 nm – 0.10 nm 1000 m – 100 cm DËi: 0.78 m – 1000 m e ̈vL ̈v: Bbd«v‡iW Av‡jvi Zi1⁄2‣`N© ̈ = 780 nm – 1 mm = 0.78 m – 1000 m 24. ch©vq mviwY‡Z Kve©b †g.‡ji B‡jKUab web ̈vm n‡”QÑ [MAT 13-14] 1s2 2s2 1s2 2s2 2p1 1s2 2s2 2p2 1s2 2s2 2p5 DËi: 1s2 2s2 2p2 e ̈vL ̈v: C(6)  1s2 2s2 2p2 25. e„wói cvwb n‡Z jeY c„_K Kivi mwVK cÖYvjx wb‡¤œi †KvbwU? [MAT 12-13] cvZb QvKb w_Zb EaŸ©cvZb DËi: w_Zb e ̈vL ̈v: w_Zb (Precipitation): cvwbi Dr‡mi †ÿ‡Î e„wói cvwbB me©v‡cÿv weï× cÖvK...wZK Drm| Z‡e mivmwi e„wói cvwb cvb Kiv nq bv| e„wói cvwb msMÖ‡ni ci cv‡Î Rgv K‡i Zjvwb cov ch©šÍ A‡cÿv Kiv nq| Gfv‡e e„wói cvwb †_‡K jeY I Ab ̈vb ̈ A`aexf~Z e ̄‘ c„_K Kivi c×wZ‡K w_Zb ev Precipitation e‡j| 26. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU Awa‡kvlY †μvg‡UvMÖvwd? [MAT 09-10] M ̈vm Zij M ̈vm ̄ͤ¢ †ccvi DËi: ̄ͤ¢ e ̈vL ̈v: †f.Z a‡g©i wfwˇZ †μvgv‡UvMÖvwdi †kÖwYwefvM: †f.Z ag© (Awa‡kvlY I `ave ̈Zv) Gi Ici wfwË K‡i †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡K cÖavbZ wb‡¤œv3 †kÖwY‡Z wef3 Kiv hvq: Awa‡kvlY †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd w ̄’i gva ̈g Pjbkxj gva ̈g Kjvg †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd (CC) KwVb Zij cvZjv ̄Íi †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd(TLC) KwVb Zij eÈb ev wefvRb †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd w ̄’i gva ̈g Pjbkxj gva ̈g †ccvi †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd (PC) Zij Zij M ̈vm †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd (GC) Zij M ̈vm
4 ....................................................................................................................................  Chemistry 1st Paper Chapter-2 27. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †Kvqv›Uvg msL ̈v bq? [MAT 08-09] cÖavb †Kvqv›Uvg msL ̈v mnKvix †Kvqv›Uvg msL ̈v •e`y ̈wZK †Kvqv›Uvg msL ̈v †P.¤^Kxq †Kvqv›Uvg msL ̈v DËi: •e`y ̈wZK †Kvqv›Uvg msL ̈v e ̈vL ̈v: †Kvqv›Uvg ejwe` ̈v Abymv‡i cigvYyi B‡jKUa‡bi Kÿc_ ev kw3 ͇̄ii AvKvi (size), Kÿc‡_i AvK...wZ (shape) I Kÿc‡_i wÎgvwÎK w`K web ̈vm (orientation) wb‡`©kK Ges B‡jKUa‡bi Aÿ eivei N~Y©b (spin) cÖKvkK PviwU ivwk Av‡Q| G‡`i †Kvqv›Uvg msL ̈v e‡j| h_v: (i) cÖavb †Kvqv›Uvg msL ̈v, n (ii) A ̈vwRgy_vj ev mnKvix †Kvqv›Uvg msL ̈v, l (iii) Pz¤^Kxq †Kvqv›Uvg msL ̈v, m (iv) N~Y©b †Kvqv›Uvg msL ̈v, s 28. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU mZ ̈ bq? [MAT 07-08] Avjdv KYv – K‡¤úvwRU KwYKv cwRUab – ̄’vqx g~j KwYKv †cÖvUb – ̄’vqx g~j KwYKv †gmb – A ̄’vqx g~j KwYKv DËi: cwRUab – ̄’vqx g~j KwYKv e ̈vL ̈v: ̄’vqx g~j KwYKv: B‡jKUab, †cÖvUb, wbDUab| A ̄’vqx g~j KwYKv: cvBIb, wgDIb, wbDwUa‡bv, A ̈vw›U wbDwUa‡bv, †gmb, cwRUab BZ ̈vw`| K‡¤úvwRU KwYKv: wWD‡Uib KYv, Avjdv KYv| weMZ mv‡j DAT-G Avmv cÖkœvejx 29. Zwor Pz¤^Kxq wewKiY A‡j Zi1⁄2‣`N© ̈ wb‡Pi †KvbwUi me‡P‡q †ewk? [DAT 22-23] AwZ‡e ̧bx iwk¥ AÂj `„k ̈gvb AÂj Ae‡jvwnZ AÂj †iwWI I‡qfm AÂj DËi: †iwWI I‡qfm AÂj e ̈vL ̈v: Ô6Õ bs cÖ‡kœi e ̈vL ̈v `aóe ̈| 30. wb‡¤œi †Kvb mswgkÖYwU Ò ̄’vqx g~j KwYKvÓ? [DAT 21-22] proton, positron I neutron proton, neutron I meson electron, neutron I deuteron proton, electron I neutron DËi: proton, electron I neutron e ̈vL ̈v: Ô28Õ bs cÖ‡kœi e ̈vL ̈v `aóe ̈| 31. av‡bi Zzl †_‡K †fvR ̈ †Zj wb®..vk‡bi c×wZwUi bvgÑ [DAT 21-22] w÷g cvZb (steam distillation) `aveK wb®..vkb (solvent extraction) AvswkK cvZb (fractional distillation) ̄ͤ¢ †μvgv‡UvMÖvwd (column chromatography) DËi: `aveK wb®..vkb (solvent extraction) e ̈vL ̈v: `aveK wb®..vk‡bi cÖ‡qvM: G c×wZ‡Z †c‡Uavj‡K `aveKiƒ‡c e ̈envi K‡i (i) bvwi‡K‡ji kuv‡mi ̧uov †_‡K bvwi‡Kj •Zj; (ii) km ̈exR †_‡K myMwÜ •Zj; (iii) gwi‡Pi ̧uov †_‡K SuvSv‡jv jvj is; (iv) av‡bi Zzl I PvD‡ji Kzuov †_‡K †fvR ̈ †Zj wb®..vkb Kiv nq| 32. wb‡Pi †Kvb †mUwU‡Z mg-Avqb cÖfve (common-ion effect) we` ̈gvb? [DAT 20-21] CaCl2, C6H5Cl H2S, HCl CH4, HCl NaCl, CH3Cl DËi: H2S, HCl e ̈vL ̈v: Rjxq `ae‡Y H2S wb‡¤œv3fv‡e mvg ̈ve ̄’vq _v‡K: H2S ⇌ 2H+ + S2– Rjxq `ae‡Y HCl wb‡¤œv3fv‡e mvg ̈ve ̄’vq _v‡K: HCl  H + + Cl – Dfq Rjxq `ae‡Y H + Avqb we` ̈gvb| ZvB †h.M؇qi g‡a ̈ mg-Avqb cÖfve we` ̈gvb| 33. †bmjviÕm wiG‡R›U Øviv wb‡Pi †Kvb K ̈vUvqb (Cation) kbv3 Kiv hvq? [DAT 20-21] NH+ 4 Al 3+ Na+ Cu2+ DËi: NH+ 4 e ̈vL ̈v: NaOH ev KOH `aeY wgwkÖZ ÿvixq cUvwkqvg †UUavAv‡qv‡Wv gviwKD‡iU (II) `aeY‡K †bmjvi `aeY e‡j| †bmjvi `aeY Øviv NH+ 4 K ̈vUvqb kbv3 Kiv hvq| NH+ 4 Avqb kbv3KiY: 2NH+ 4 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq)  2Na+ (aq) + 2NH3(g) + 2H2O(l) 2K2[HgI4](aq) + 2NH3(g)  NH2Hg2I3(s) + NH4I(aq) + 4KI(aq) (A ̈vwg‡bv gviwKDwiK Av‡qvWvBW) ev`vwg Aat‡ÿc 34. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Zwo”Pz&¤^K Zi1⁄2 (Electromagnetic wave) bq? [DAT 20-21] `„kgvb Av‡jv G·‡i Ae‡jvwnZ iwk¥ Avjdv iwk¥ DËi: Avjdv iwk¥ e ̈vL ̈v: Ô6Õ bs cÖ‡kœi e ̈vL ̈v `aóe ̈| 35. †μvgv‡UvMÖvwdi (Chromatography) KqwU ch©vq (Phase) Av‡Q? [DAT 20-21, 19-20] 02 01 03 04 DËi: 02 e ̈vL ̈v: †μvgv‡UvMÖvwdi 2wU ch©vq ev `kv we` ̈gvb| (i) w ̄’i `kv; (ii) Pjbkxj `kv