Tiêu đề 7b-Dap-an-De-thi-Hoa-hoc-CSP-2024.pdf ✅

BO GIAo DUC VA DAo TAo TRI.IONG DAI HQC S T PHAM HA NQI KT THI TUYI,N SINH LOP 10 rRrJoNG rHPr CHrrytN DAr HQC SrJPHAM NiM 2024 DT, CHiNH THI.IC Luu f: Thi sinh giAi theo c6ch kh6c mi thing v6n cho di6m ttii + Suc du khi COz du vio Yr: NaAlOz + COz + HzO ---------- Al(OHh I + NaHCO: NaOH + COz du ---------- NaHCO: --+ Xz: A|(OH):, dung dich Yz: NaHCOr, NaCl, COz (hda tan) 0,2s * Dun n6ng Yz: 2NaHCO: --r1--- NazCO: + COz + HzO -, Dung dich Yr: NarCOr' NaCl * Hda tan Xz trong HzSOa du: 2A|(OH)3 + 3HzSO ---------- Alr(SO4)3 + 3HrO --+ Duns dich Yr: Alz(SOr):, HzSOr du 0,25 + Nh6 dung dich NHr du vdo Y+: H2SO4 + 2NH3 -------+ (NHe)zSOr Alz(SOr)r + 6NH: + 6HzO """""- 2 Al(OHhJ + 3(NHr)zSOr --* Dung dich Ys: (NHr)zSOq NIII du + Nung Xz: 2AI(OH)3 '" , AlzO: + 3HzO --+ )G: AlzOr 0,25 ,, 1,0(1 A: NaHSOT B: BaClz C: Alr(SOr)r 0,25 D: IQCOr Er Fe(NO:)z 0,25 Phuong trinh ho6 hgc: 2NaHSOr +BaClz - BaSOTJ +NazSOr+2HCl 3BaClu + Alz(SOn): - 3BaSOr J + zatcb BaCtz + K:CO: ----, BaCOTJ + 2KCl AldSO4)3 + 3KzCO: + 3HzO -r 2Al(OH)r J + 3KzSOr + 3COz 1 KzCOI + 2NaHSO+ "'+ KzSOe + Na:SOq + HzO + COz 1 KzCO: + Fe(NOr)z - FeCOr + + 2KNO3 9Fe(NO3)2 + l2NaHSOr - 5Fe(NO:)r + 2Fez(SOr): + 6Na:SO+ + 3NO l+ 6H2O Fe(NO:)z + AgNOr - Fe(NO:)r + Ag J n ?s C6u III (2,0.r) I 1,0 d Thi nghiQm l: negcr = 1,722:143,5 = 0,012 mol -r nct6onee) = 0,012 mol Thi nghiQm2:Trong1,1t gam A chira 0,012 mol Cl "- l,665gamAchfa0,0l8mol Cl 0,25 Khi nung A thfi ktr-i Iuqng giam, d6 chinh ld kh5i lugng cria nudc: mnrt,c = 1,665.38,920/o 0,648 gam + llnudc = 0 036 mol 0,25 Ctfi;Arut u auo. c chrta XCi vd MgClz (X ld kim lo4i ki6m c6n tim) Ta c6 so I al 0,25 o/oms = 1ngoro - %omg - o/orns = 2,22o/o "'+ XiYiZ = ---+ CTPT cta X c6 deng: (CHO)" Mx < I 00 "- 45n < 100 '-+ n < 2,22 n ld si5 nguy0n duong "- n = I ho{c n = 2 N6u n = I --- CTPT cria X ld CHOz (loai do H l0) N6u n = 2 ---) CTPT cta X Id CrHzOr (chgn) Viy c6ng thirc phin trl cria X li CzHzOr ho{c HrC:Or M X tic dgng tlugc v6i dung dlch NaHCO3 -r X c6 nh6m chfc -COOH. M n.o, = 2nx -+ X co 2 nh6m -COOH. a) Dlt c6ng thric ph6n tt} cta X la C-HyO,. = L:l:2 coo 26,67 .2,22 .71,11 72L76 0,25 b) Tir phuong trinh: FeClz.4HzO + HzCzOr "- Yl + 2HzO + 2HCl vd 6p dqng b6o toin nguyen ti5 Fe, C, O. H --- C6ng thtc cria Y c6.dang FeCzOeHa (M = 180 gam/mol) Khi nung n6ng Y tt6n 200oC thu tlugc chdt rdn khan "'+ Qu6 trinh nung n6ng niy lim bay hoi nu6c. ---+ Xdttrong I mol Y, kh5i lugng nu6c bay hoi; 180 x 20o/o=36 gam -, C6 2 phan tt nudc bi t6ch ra. VAy c6ng thtc cria Y li: FeCzO+2HrO + Z li: FeCrOr nrcr,.rx,o = 3,761199 = 0,01889 mol = nr"c.o..zx,o1rg,r,uyr,) r r.c,o..: xro( t, rlorgr ) = 3'4 gant -+ Hi u su6t c'la uA trinh t6n :H= 88/3,4 l00Yo * 7lY. 0,25 c) nn,c,o. = 0,1.0,1 = 0,01 mol = nx,c,o..zu,o + mr..,q:",o = 1,26 gam Do H:CzO.r.2HzO chta 0,5% tqp ch6t tro n€n: mn,c,o.2H,o(h!,.r6) = 1,26:99,50/o = 1,266 gam 0,25 d) SH:C:Or + 2KMnOa + 3HzSOr ---r KzSOa + 2MnSOr + lOCOz + 8HzO W0. n _ nr,.,o. 2.VH,c,o..CM(H2C2O1) - 5 - V",.,o.'Cr(HrCrOo) --- C,(KMnOo) 2 VKu"o..CM(KMnq) 5.Vxm"o. I 1,0 d 0,25 Xr: CzHr; Xz: CzHr CaCz + 2HzO , gn(QH)2 + CzHzf Pd/Pbqor_ C:H: + H: CzHt )G: CHrCH=O; Xr: CzHsOH CHz{Hz + ll2Oz Ptcr'cucr' ro ' CHICH=O CH:CH=O + H2 Niro ) CHTCHzOH 0,25 )G: CrHe; Xr: (-CHz-CH=CH-CHz-)o 2CzHsOH *q'" , CHz{H-CHtHz+ Hz+ 2HzO nCH2=CH-CH{Hz'1"'p,(-CHz-CH{H-CHz-)' 0,25 Xz: CH=C-CII=CH, 2CH = CH rl'o , CH: C CH-C-CH-CHz+ Hz Pd/PhcoL ' CH2=CH-CH=CH2 -CH:CH: Ciu IV (2,0 d) Trang 3/5 , Vdv c6ne thr?c cAu tao cta X ld HOOC-COOH 0,2s
) a) CaCz + 2HzO ---------+ Ca(OH)2 + CzHz I C2Hz + sDA '" ' 2CO: + H:O 0,25 ,.*- = u'o ,\o* : o, o8 mol --+ n.,r, = o,o8 mol 64 Cr? I mol CzHz chby sC gi6i ph6ng ra m6i trudng xung quanh 772 kJ ndn 0,08 mol Cu Hu ch6y s€ gi6i ph6ng: 0,08.772 = 61,76 kl. 0,25 b) Trong I ph0t, tldn ch6y giAi ph6ng n m6i trudng mQt ntrng lugng: (0,112122,4).772 = 3,86 k) C6 50% nlng luqng ch6y dugc chuyAn h6a thinh quang ntrng n6n c6ng su6t ph6t s6ng ld: 50%.3,86.10r _ 3 2.2 J / s _ 32.2W 60 0,25 c) cqi kh5i luqng d6t ddn cln li m gam + nc,r,1"r,ry) = T *ot 0,8m .64 ' 0,112 Thdi gian cAy dBn se ch6y li :3.60 ...+ m=72. 22,4 0,25 CAu V (2,0 d) I 1,0.1 a) Gpi c6ng thtc axit ld R(COOH)2, c6ng thtc ciaY, Z CTTB ctja Y, Z h ROH. Trong 14,6 gam M, d{t: nR(coonL = a mol; nuo" = b mol ---+ a(R+90)+b([ + tZl= 14,6 1*; TNl:R(COOH):+ 2NaHCO: ..........- R(COONa)2+ 2COzl +ZHzO mol: a -+ 2a n-, = 0,1 mol --+ 2a = 0,1 --+ a = 0,05. TN2: n*,-or, = Ql,9ll4,6).0,05 = 0,075 mol; naan= (21,9114,6)b = I,5b mol R(COOH)2+ 2Na -------, R(COONa)z+ HzJ mol: 0,075 ---) 0,075 [oH +Na ---------+ RoNa+ l/2HzI mol: l,5b 0,75b nr,= 0,2625 mol ---+ 0,075 + 0,75b = 0,2625 ---r b = 0,25. luqt ld RIOH, R2OH --+ 0,25 Thay vdo (+) ta c6: 0,05(R + 90) + 0,25( [ + 17) = 14,6 -r 0,05R + 0,25 R = 5,85 Do R> 0 nen [ < s,8s/0,25 = 23,4 --- Rr < [ < 23,4 -, p, 11 Qt{3---+ fu li czHs --+ Hai ancol trong M li CHrOH vi CzIIsOH--- axit X ld HOOC-COOH. 0,25 Trong 14,6 gam M, d|t: no,o, = x mol; n",r,o"= y mol "'+ 1+ y = 0,25 Theo so dd ch€o: xly =Ztl "'+ x=0,1'y=0,15. Vfy trong 14,6 gam M: m,"oo", = 0,05.90 = 4,5 gam; mcr,ou = 0'1.32 = 3'2 gam; m.,r,o" = 0,15.46 = 69 grm 0,25 Trang 4/5 1,0 il