Tiêu đề Materials Science and Engineering_ An Introduction, 8th-Wiley & Sons (2010).pdf ✅

Characteristics of Selected Elements Atomic Density of Crystal Atomic Ionic Most Melting Atomic Weight Solid, 20C Structure, Radius Radius Common Point Element Symbol Number (amu) (g/cm3 ) 20C (nm) (nm) Valence (C) Aluminum Al 13 26.98 2.71 FCC 0.143 0.053 3 660.4 Argon Ar 18 39.95 — — — — Inert 189.2 Barium Ba 56 137.33 3.5 BCC 0.217 0.136 2 725 Beryllium Be 4 9.012 1.85 HCP 0.114 0.035 2 1278 Boron B 5 10.81 2.34 Rhomb. — 0.023 3 2300 Bromine Br 35 79.90 — — — 0.196 1 7.2 Cadmium Cd 48 112.41 8.65 HCP 0.149 0.095 2 321 Calcium Ca 20 40.08 1.55 FCC 0.197 0.100 2 839 Carbon C 6 12.011 2.25 Hex. 0.071 0.016 4 (sublimes at 3367) Cesium Cs 55 132.91 1.87 BCC 0.265 0.170 1 28.4 Chlorine Cl 17 35.45 — — — 0.181 1 101 Chromium Cr 24 52.00 7.19 BCC 0.125 0.063 3 1875 Cobalt Co 27 58.93 8.9 HCP 0.125 0.072 2 1495 Copper Cu 29 63.55 8.94 FCC 0.128 0.096 1 1085 Fluorine F 9 19.00 — — — 0.133 1 220 Gallium Ga 31 69.72 5.90 Ortho. 0.122 0.062 3 29.8 Germanium Ge 32 72.64 5.32 Dia. cubic 0.122 0.053 4 937 Gold Au 79 196.97 19.32 FCC 0.144 0.137 1 1064 Helium He 2 4.003 — — — — Inert 272 (at 26 atm) Hydrogen H 1 1.008 — — — 0.154 1 259 Iodine I 53 126.91 4.93 Ortho. 0.136 0.220 1 114 Iron Fe 26 55.85 7.87 BCC 0.124 0.077 2 1538 Lead Pb 82 207.2 11.35 FCC 0.175 0.120 2 327 Lithium Li 3 6.94 0.534 BCC 0.152 0.068 1 181 Magnesium Mg 12 24.31 1.74 HCP 0.160 0.072 2 649 Manganese Mn 25 54.94 7.44 Cubic 0.112 0.067 2 1244 Mercury Hg 80 200.59 — — — 0.110 2 38.8 Molybdenum Mo 42 95.94 10.22 BCC 0.136 0.070 4 2617 Neon Ne 10 20.18 — — — — Inert 248.7 Nickel Ni 28 58.69 8.90 FCC 0.125 0.069 2 1455 Niobium Nb 41 92.91 8.57 BCC 0.143 0.069 5 2468 Nitrogen N 7 14.007 — — — 0.01–0.02 5 209.9 Oxygen O 8 16.00 — — — 0.140 2 218.4 Phosphorus P 15 30.97 1.82 Ortho. 0.109 0.035 5 44.1 Platinum Pt 78 195.08 21.45 FCC 0.139 0.080 2 1772 Potassium K 19 39.10 0.862 BCC 0.231 0.138 1 63 Silicon Si 14 28.09 2.33 Dia. cubic 0.118 0.040 4 1410 Silver Ag 47 107.87 10.49 FCC 0.144 0.126 1 962 Sodium Na 11 22.99 0.971 BCC 0.186 0.102 1 98 Sulfur S 16 32.06 2.07 Ortho. 0.106 0.184 2 113 Tin Sn 50 118.71 7.27 Tetra. 0.151 0.071 4 232 Titanium Ti 22 47.87 4.51 HCP 0.145 0.068 4 1668 Tungsten W 74 183.84 19.3 BCC 0.137 0.070 4 3410 Vanadium V 23 50.94 6.1 BCC 0.132 0.059 5 1890 Zinc Zn 30 65.41 7.13 HCP 0.133 0.074 2 420 Zirconium Zr 40 91.22 6.51 HCP 0.159 0.079 4 1852 JWCL187_ifc_001-002.qxd 11/11/09 5:18 PM Page 1
Values of Selected Physical Constants Quantity Symbol SI Units cgs Units Avogadro’s number NA 6.022 1023 6.022 1023 molecules/mol molecules/mol Boltzmann’s constant k 1.38 1023 J/atom K 1.38 1016 erg/atom K 8.62 105 eV/atom K Bohr magneton B 9.27 1024 A m2 9.27 1021 erg/gaussa Electron charge e 1.602 1019 C 4.8 1010 statcoulb Electron mass — 9.11 1031 kg 9.11 1028 g Gas constant R 8.31 J/mol K 1.987 cal/mol K Permeability of a vacuum 0 1.257 106 henry/m unitya Permittivity of a vacuum 0 8.85 1012 farad/m unityb Planck’s constant h 6.63 1034 J s 6.63 1027 erg s 4.13 1015 eV s Velocity of light in a vacuum c 3 108 m/s 3 1010 cm/s a In cgs-emu units. b In cgs-esu units. # # # # # # # # # Unit Abbreviations A ampere in. inch N newton angstrom J joule nm nanometer Btu British thermal unit K degrees Kelvin P poise C Coulomb kg kilogram Pa Pascal degrees Celsius lbf pound force s second cal calorie (gram) lbm pound mass T temperature cm centimeter m meter m micrometer eV electron volt Mg megagram (micron) degrees Fahrenheit mm millimeter W watt ft foot mol mole psi pounds per square g gram MPa megapascal inch °F °C Å SI Multiple and Submultiple Prefixes Factor by Which Multiplied Prefix Symbol 109 giga G 106 mega M 103 kilo k 102 centia c 103 milli m 106 micro 109 nano n 1012 pico p a Avoided when possible. JWCL187_ifc_001-002.qxd 11/11/09 5:18 PM Page 3
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