Tiêu đề HBSE PROCESSING - FINAL .docx ✅

PRE-FINAL COACHING AREA 1: HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 1. A child who connects past, present and future in terms of symbols is: A. Pre-operational   C. Abstract thinking B. Sensory motor   D. Concrete thinking Rationalization: Letter A - Preoperational is the answer. According to Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the preoperational stage (typically from ages 2 to 7) is characterized by the child’s growing ability to use symbols—such as words, images, and drawings—to represent real-world objects and experiences. This symbolic function allows the child to connect past, present, and future by talking about events that have happened, expressing current feelings, and anticipating or imagining future scenarios, often seen in pretend play and storytelling. Although their grasp of time is still intuitive and not fully logical, children at this stage can express temporal ideas through language and play. However, they are still not capable of concrete logical operations, such as understanding conservation or cause and effect in a systematic way. Instead, their thinking is largely egocentric, intuitive, and centered on immediate experiences, but the development of symbolic thought lays a crucial foundation for more complex thinking in later stages. Why not B, C or D? Option B, Sensory, refers to the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years), where infants learn through direct sensory and motor interactions with their environment and have not yet developed symbolic thinking or language to connect past, present, and future. Option C, Abstract Thinking, belongs to the formal operational stage (around age 12 and above), where individuals can reason about hypothetical and abstract concepts—far more advanced than the symbolic but concrete thinking seen in younger children. Option D, Concrete Thinking, occurs in the concrete operational stage (ages 7–11), where children can apply logic but only to tangible, observable situations, and while they understand sequence and time better, they do not yet engage in flexible symbolic or imaginative representation like in the preoperational stage. Therefore, B, C, and D do not accurately describe a child who connects past, present, and future using symbols, which is a hallmark of the preoperational stage. 2. This is the ability to influence the course of one's life and work with others to access public decision-making and an expression of self-worth. A. Autonomy-    C. Power B. Self-determination   D. Participation Rationalization: The key phrase in the question is: "...the ability to influence the course of one's life and work with others to access public decision-making and an expression of self-worth." This definition best fits the concept of power, particularly in a social work or community development context.


Families, like individuals go through predictable stages. Example: marriage-first child-child goes to school- leaving home At each stage there is a key principle of transition. Example: commitment to new system At each stage there are 2nd order changes otherwise known as tasks or challenges that must be solved in order to move on to next phase. Example: form new partner system, adjust other family relationships and friendships to accommodate new partner 7. The person who first designed the IQ test was: A. Piaget   C. Binet B. Erikson   D. Freud Rationalization: The person who first designed the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test was Alfred Binet, a French psychologist. In the early 1900s, the French government commissioned Binet to create a method for identifying students who required special educational support. In response, Binet, along with his collaborator Théodore Simon, developed the first practical intelligence test in 1905—now known as the Binet-Simon Scale. This test measured mental age in relation to chronological age, which later led to the concept of the IQ score. In contrast: A. Piaget focused on cognitive development stages in children but did not design an IQ test. B. Erikson developed psychosocial stages of development, not intelligence testing. D. Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis and concentrated on unconscious motivation and personality, not intelligence measurement. Source: Binet’s work laid the groundwork for later IQ tests, such as the Stanford- Binet Intelligence Scales, which were adaptations of his original test by Lewis Terman in the U.S. 8. The focus of Gestalt therapy is: A. Perceptual   C. Problem solving B. Insight-oriented   D. Behavioral Rationalization: Gestalt therapy is best classified as insight-oriented because its primary goal is to help clients gain awareness of their thoughts, feelings, and actions in the present moment to achieve personal growth and self-understanding. Founded by Fritz Perls, Gestalt therapy emphasizes "here and now" experiences and promotes insight through direct experiential work—such as role-play, the empty chair technique, and focusing on body language. It encourages clients to recognize internal conflicts, unfinished business, and how they avoid responsibility or awareness. While Gestalt therapy does incorporate perceptual and emotional experiences, the ultimate therapeutic goal is insight—developing a deeper understanding of oneself in order to change. A. Perceptual refers more to how we interpret stimuli but is not the central therapeutic focus. C. Problem solving is associated with cognitive-behavioral approaches. D. Behavioral strategies focus on conditioning and reinforcement, which Gestalt therapy does not emphasize. Gestalt psychology (not therapy) is indeed rooted in perception — like how people perceive patterns, wholes, and figures in visual fields (e.g., figure-ground). But Gestalt therapy, developed by Fritz Perls, is therapeutic, not just perceptual or cognitive. It is about awareness, responsibility, and insight — helping people become aware of what they are doing and why, so they can make conscious choices. 9. A man is terminally ill and dying. His only living relative is his aging sister who resides in his home state. He has told you, his social worker, that she wants to sell her house back home. To help in seeing that the house gets sold you would contact: A. A real estate agent   C. His sister B. A lawyer   D. The welfare agency Rationalization: As a social worker, your role involves respecting client autonomy, safeguarding confidentiality, and ensuring actions align with the client’s expressed wishes. In this scenario, the terminally ill man has informed you that his sister wants to sell her house, implying she is the property owner. Therefore, any assistance in facilitating the sale must go directly through her, since she is the legal decision-maker regarding her property. A. A real estate agent could be involved later, but only with the sister’s consent, since the house is hers. B. A lawyer might assist with legal documentation, but again, only if the sister requests it. The welfare agency has no role in property transactions and is irrelevant to the matter. Your ethical