Tiêu đề Managing Impacts of Development in the Coastal Zone.pdf ✅

PHILIPPINE COASTAL MANAGEMENT GUIDEBOOK SERIES NO. 7: MANAGING IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE COASTAL ZONE By: Department of Environment and Natural Resources Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of the Department of Agriculture Department of the Interior and Local Government and Coastal Resource Management Project of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources supported by the United States Agency for International Development Philippines

iii Contents List of tables v List of figures vii List of acronyms and abbreviations ix Acknowledgments xi Foreword xiii Preface and orientation to this guidebook series xiv Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Why is it important to manage impacts in the coastal zone? 1 The Philippine coastal zone 4 Important impacts of development in the coastal zone 4 Development planning, environmental assessment, and pollution management 6 Chapter 2. Development planning and environmental assessment 11 Planning framework 11 Project evaluation 13 Environmental impact assessment 15 Economic factors and evaluation techniques 34 Environmental risk assessment 36 Chapter 3. Impacts of selected coastal development activities 41 Coastal construction and reclamation 41 Human settlements and urbanization 46 Industry 49 Tourism 50 Coastal and seabed mining 55 Upland mining 57 Offshore oil and natural gas development 59 Aquaculture 60 Agriculture and forestry 62 Chapter 4. Managing coastal and marine pollution at the local level 65 Major types of pollution and their impact 65 Major sources of pollution 72 Fate and transport of pollutants 76 Legal and jurisdictional mandate for pollution management 80