Tiêu đề Unit I.pdf ✅

1 Unit I: Fundamentals of Computers Computer: The word computer originated from the Latin word “Computare” which means “Computation”. It’s believed that the first computer was Analytical Engine, invented by Charles Babbage in 1837. Therefore, Charles Babbage is also known as the father of computer or the inventor of computer. “A computer is an electronic device that will take some data as input, process it, and gives output”. Block diagram of a computer: (W/19, W/23 – 8M) (W/2019, S/2020- 4 Marks) The Computer system consists of mainly three types that are central processing unit (CPU), Input Devices, and Output Devices .The Central processing unit (CPU) again consists of ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and Control Unit. The set of instruction is presented to the computer in the form of raw data which is entered through input devices such as keyboard or mouse. Later this set of instruction is processed with the help of CPU, and the computer system Produce an Output with the help of Output Devices mainly Printers and monitors. Large amount of data is stored in the computer memory with the help of primary and secondary storage devices temporarily and permanently. This are called as storage devices. The CPU is known as the heart or Brian of a computer because the user cannot get the desired output without the necessary action taken by the CPU. The central Processing unit [CPU] is responsible for processing all the Instruction which is given to computer system or PC. Below Block Diagram of Computer and Its Components are mentioned for better understanding. Figure: Block diagram of Computer The Basic components & parts of computer system are given below: • Input Devices • Output Devices • CPU (Central Processing Unit) • Storage Unit • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) • Control Unit 1) Input Device: Data and instructions must be entering in computer system before computer can perform any operation on given data. It links computer with external environment and perform this task. Data and instructions enter in computer through input device depends on input device used. For example: Keyboard by simply typing or through Scanner. 1) All data into input devices transforms signals to binary codes. 2) In short input device performs the following functions 3) It accepts / read data and instructions from outside world. 4) It converts these data and instructions in computer acceptable form. 5) It supplies converted data and instructions to computer system for further processing. 2) Output Device: An Output device performs operation of that of input device. It supplies instructions obtained from data processing to outside world. Hence it links computer with external environment. The computer work with binary code results produced is also in binary form. Therefore before supplying result to outside world the system must convert them to human readable form. For example: Printer, monitor. In short output device performs the following functions