Tiêu đề 07 Reproduction in fungi (asexual and sexual).pdf ✅

➢ The production of new individuals from parent organisms is called reproduction. ➢ Reproduction in fungi takes place by vegetative, asexual and sexual methods. 1. VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION 2. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION 3. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ➢ A portion of body becomes separated off and gives rise to new individual is called vegetative reproduction ➢ In vegetative reproduction the union of mature sex cells or sex organs does not involve. ➢ Types of vegetative reproduction ✓ Fragmentation ✓ Fission ✓ Budding ➢ It is the type of reproduction, a special reproductive structures called spores or propagates are formed. ➢ About 20% fungi have only asexual reproduction ➢ The fungal spores always result from mitosis and hence are described as mitospores. ➢ Different types of asexual spores ✓ Zoospores ✓ Conidiophore ✓ Chlamydospores ✓ Oidia ✓ Aplanospores ➢ Sexual reproduction takes place by fusion of gametes of different sexuality. ➢ Sexual reproduction involves three phases: I. Plasmogamy II. Karyogamy III. Meiosis
I. Fragmentation ➢ In this process, the mycelium breaks into two or more similar fragments either accidentally or due to some external force. ➢ Each fragment grows into a new mycelium. ➢ E.g., Aspergillus, Alternaria, Mucor and Rhizopus II. Fission ➢ The parent cell splits into two equal halves. ➢ Each of these halves then develops into a new individual ➢ E.g., Yeast III. Budding ➢ The parent cell produces one or more projections called buds. ➢ The bud detaches and grows into a new individual. ➢ E.g., Yeast, Ustilago Fragmentation Budding Fission