Tiêu đề step by step congestion.pdf ✅

than the external iliac vein. For accurate identification, it is essential to position the transducer towards the lateral pelvic wall, with the end facing downward toward the gluteal region. The main anatomical landmarks are the ovary, when located in its usual topography, and the in- ternal iliac artery. The confluence of the external iliac vein can be identified, along with its anterior and poste- rior trunks (the anterior trunk drains the superior gluteal, ileolumbar, and lateral sacral regions; the other branches drain the posterior one) and its tributaries.15 The ipsilateral ureter is an excellent structure for anatomical repair. It can be visualized in front of the in- ternal iliac vessels and should be perceived as an anechoic tubular structure with no flow on color Doppler, exhibiting peristalsis (it fills and empties during the examination) (Fig 5, A-D; Supplementary Video 1, online only). Gonadal vein The gonadal vein is formed by the convergence of two or three tributaries derived from the ovarian venous plexus. It typically follows a horizontal path between the uterus and the corresponding ovary, moving laterally and bypassing the ovary in an ascending direction. This pathway progresses from the pelvic region to the abdominal cavity, situated superficial to the external iliac vessels. The axial positioning of the cervix is critical for effective visualization of the adnexal venous plexus. The primary anatomical landmarks in this context are the external iliac vessels and the ovary. Myometrial arcuate veins The myometrial veins are uterine veins that traverse the myometrium, communicating the adnexal venous plex- uses horizontally. In the axial section of the uterus, veins Fig 1. (A) Uterine cervix: transverse view. (B) Uterine cervix, right paracervical scan. (C) Uterine cervix, left paracervical scan. Fig 2. Left gonadal vein. The left gonadal vein runs laterally and ascends relative to the left ovary B-mode (A), Color Doppler (B), spectral (C). Fig 3. (A) Anterior and posterior vaginal fornices. (B) Urethra. (C) Anus-axial view. Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders Fernandes et al 3 Volume ■, Number ■ FLA 5.7.0 DTD � JVSV102286_proof � 29 July 2025 � 10:44 pm � CE JD 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366