Tiêu đề PROTEINS.pdf ✅

PROTEINS WORD STUDY: The word PROTEIN is derived from GREEK word PROTEIOS which means ‘FIRST,PRIME OR CHIEF’ DEFINITION: Proteins are MACROMOLECULES(POLYMERS) formed of units(MONOMERS) called AMINO ACIDS COMPOSITION: STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS: Proteins are polymers of amino acids or polypeptide chains. A protein may consist of a single polypeptide or more than one polypeptide. PROTEINS ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF THE CELL KPK BOOK  CARBON  HYDROGEN  OXYGEN  NITROGEN  SULPHUR (in some proteins) FEDERAL BOOK  CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN  SULPHUR, PHOSPHOROUS (in some proteins)  IRON, IODINE, MAGNESIUM (in few proteins) ePrepare.org
AMINO ACIDS: NUMBER: There are 20 different types of amino acids. STRUCTURE: AMINO ACIDS ARE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS HAVING AMINO GROUP ALPHA CARBON: The CENTRAL CARBON ATOM in amino acids is called alpha carbon. GROUPS ATTACHED TO ALPHA CARBON: There are four different groups attached to alpha carbon. CONSTANT GROUPS (1) AMINO GROUP (2) CARBOXYL GROUP (3)HYDROGEN  These are present in all amino acids. VARIABLE GROUP (4) R-GROUP  It is different in all amino acids. It is either HYDROGEN or ALKYL GROUP. Due to this variable group the amino acids are different from one another. ePrepare.org
STRUCTURE OF SOME AMINO ACIDS: LYSINE(Lys) FEDERAL BOOK: -C TERMINAL: The end of amino acids to which carboxylic acid is attached is called -C terminal. -N TERMINAL: The end of amino acid to which amino group is attached is called –N terminal. NOTE Dear students, must memorize these structures as they are part of textbook. ePrepare.org
PEPTIDE BOND: DEFINITION: A bond that links amino acids in a protein molecule to each other is called peptide bond. FORMATION OF PEPTIDE BOND:  The peptide bond is formed between CARBOXYL GROUP of one amino acid and AMINO GROUP of another amino acid. This is condensation reaction in which one WATER MOLECULE is formed.  The CONDENSATION REACTION of amino acids takes place on RIBOSOME under the instructions of mRNA which takes these instructions from DNA. This process is known as TRANSLATION ePrepare.org
DIPEPTIDE: When 2 amino acids are joined together, a dipeptide is formed. TRIPEPTIDE: It is a product of 3 amino acids. POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN: When SEVERAL amino acids are linked together by many peptide bonds, the polypeptide chain is formed. EXAMPLES: Haemoglobin, Insulin ePrepare.org