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General Education: Readings in Philippine History Historiography ✣ The study of how history is written ✣ Involves how history is interpreted by the various writers ✣ History is not totally OBJECTIVE; It has a SUBJECTIVE side Factors Affecting Historiography 1. Time it was written 2. Bias of the writer 3. Intentions of writing narrative 4. Proximity to the event Philosophy of History 1. Herodotus • Father of History • the origins and execution of the Greco-Persian Wars (499–479B.C.) that he called “The Histories.” • The Histories” was a straightforward account of the wars. 2. Thucydides • History of Peloponnesian War • His writing is condensed and direct, almost austere in places, and is meant to be read rather than delivered orally. • He explains in a scientific and impartial manner the intricacies and complexities of the events he observed 3. Giambattista Vico • “comes to be at once a history of the ideas, the customs, the deeds of mankind. Dr. Carl E. Balita Review Center CBRC Headquarters 2nd Flr., Carmen Building, 881 G. Tolentino St. corner España Blvd., Sampaloc, Manila 1008 Academics and Services Department (ASD) LET Review Program
• the principles of the history of human nature, which we shall show to be the principles of universal history, which principles it seems hitherto to have lacked 4. Georg Wilhelm Fredrich Hegel • History has a Telos (Goal) • Dialectics ( Thesis-Antithesis= Synthesis) • Ideas towards the Human Freedom 5. Karl Marx • Materialistic version of Dialectic • Production affecting the movement of history • A history of class struggle • Towards a communist society 6. Fernand Braudel • Founded the Annales school of History • Importance of economic, social, political and cultural context of the writing of History • The subject matter of history changes because of the changes in time frame 7. Michel Foucault • Archeology of knowledge • There is no such thing as objective truth • Everything is an interpretation • History is about power relation 8. Zeus Salazar • “Pantayong pananaw” lamang kung ang lahat ay gumagamit ng mga konsepto at ugali na alam ng lahat ang kahulugan, pati ang relasyon ng mga kahulugang ito sa isa’t isa. Ito ay nangyayari lamang kung iisa ang code o “pinagtutumbasan ng mga kahulugan,” MGA DALUMAT ayon 1. Pasalaysay na Kasaysayan