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GOVERNANCE PRAHAAR SUMMARY MAINS WALLAH Final Hit To CSE Mains 2025


4 Prahaar Summary 2025 Negative Impacts Ê Reinforcing Stereotypes: Eg. PMUY LPG connections in women’s names, but male use dominates. Ê Economic Dependence: Cash transfers can create short- term relief but don’t ensure economic independence. Ê Low Awareness: Complex schemes like GST lead to confusion and low public understanding. Data-Based Policymaking in India: Challenges and Recommendations Challenges Ê Political Interference: Eg. NSSO 2017–18 data delayed. Ê Underutilized Data: Eg. SECC 2011 inconsistently used. Ê Mismatch with Reality: Eg. Jan Dhan Yojana accounts dormant. Ê Lack of Transparency: Limited access reduces public trust and participation. Recommendations Ê Data Democratization:Promote platforms like Open Government Data (OGD). Ê Civil Society Role: Eg. ASER by Pratham for grassroots insights. Ê New Technologies: Eg. CoWIN for real-time vaccine tracking. Ê Strengthen States: Eg. Encourage models like Andhra Pradesh RTGS for local-level feedback and decision- making. Policy Cycle In India: Steps under Policy Cycle Ê Problem Identification: Recognizing societal problems needing action. Eg: MSP reforms post farmers’ protests. Ê Agenda Setting: Prioritizing issues via media and politics. Eg: Swachh Bharat Mission. Ê Policy Formulation: Drafting goals and consulting stakeholders. Eg: NEP 2020. Ê Adoption/Legitimation: Formal approval for legitimacy. Eg: GST Act. Ê Implementation: Bureaucracy executes with coordination. Eg: Ayushman Bharat rollout. Ê Evaluation: Measuring outcomes to guide changes. Eg: NITI Aayog’s review of Aspirational Districts. Ê Maintenance/Succession/Termination: Continue, revise, or end policy. Eg: NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission. Issues and Reforms in Indian Public Policy Problem Solution/Measure Over-centralization (Eg: GST rollout issues) Decentralize planning; involve Gram Sabha (e.g., MGNREGS). Data gaps (Eg: Migrant crisis during COVID-19) Enable real-time data use (e.g., SECC-based targeting). Political short-termism (Eg: Farm loan waivers) Promote continuity via RTI and judicial activism. Weak participation (Eg: top-down policies) Involve academics, civil society (e.g., NITI expert panels). Corruption in delivery (Eg: elite capture of welfare) Use community monitoring (e.g., MGNREGA under Gram Sabha). Skill deficits (Eg: PM Ujjwala rollout issues) Train staff and build capacity (e.g., PMAY-Urban modules). Faulty targeting (Eg: PDS and LPG exclusion errors) Use integrated databases (e.g., Poshan Abhiyaan). Poor awareness (Eg: Low scheme enrollment) Drive IEC campaigns and audits (e.g., Swachh Bharat). Bureaucrats Role in Public Policy Ê Bureaucrats design and implement policies—e.g., ensured NREGA success, helped frame GST. Ê Bridge government and public by ensuring expert input, transparency, and accountability. Challenges Faced by Bureaucrats and Suggestions Challenges Way Forward Objectivity vs. advocacy conflict Use advisory bodies like NITI Aayog. Political pressure on expertise Enable joint expert-bureaucratic forums (e.g., Ayushman Bharat design). Implementation resource gaps Ensure budgets/staffing match needs (e.g., DDUGJY for electrification). Ministerial control limits autonomy Enforce audit/reporting systems (e.g., PMGSY geo-tagging). Accountability gaps Encourage collective agency responsibility (e.g., Aspirational Districts). Vague policy goals Apply SMART goal setting (e.g., Skill Development Mission). Poor data systems Invest in open data and MIS (e.g., PM-KISAN data tracking). Planning: Planning involves goal-setting and resource allocation to foster growth, welfare, and equity through policies and programs. Features of Indian Planning Ê Comprehensive Planning: Targets growth and social goals. Eg: Heavy industry focus, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan for education.