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PART II: FOCUS ON GRAMMAR UNIT 7 I. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1 (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1) Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để diễn tả một sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Ex: If I have enough money, I will buy a new computer. If you work hard, you will make a lot of money. Chú ý: • Unless = if not • If = unless + not Ex: If he doesn’t do his homework, his mother will complain. Unless he does his homework, his mother will complain. EXERCISES 1. Circle the correct answer. 1. If the cable TV (doesn’t/ won’t) work, we will rent a DVD. 2. If you don’t want to stay at home, you (go/ can go) with me to the supermarket. 3. If you (will be/ are) a good listener, you will gain many friends. 4. James won’t attend the meeting if he (won’t/ doesn’t) want to. 5. You can’t have this job unless you (have/ will have) long working experience. 6. What (you will do/ will you do) if it snows tomorrow? 7. You (will be/ are) able to understand it if you practice every day. 8. We will eat out today if there (will be/ is) nothing left in the fridge. 9. If it (will be/ is) too cold outside, we will stay home. 10. If she (isn’t/ won’t be) careful, she will make many mistakes. 11. If the weather is fine, we (goes/ will go) camping tomorrow. 12. My parents will give me a gift if I (will pass/ pass) the final exam. 13. If you are polite to others, they (will be/ are) nice to you. 14. Unless James (studies/ will study) hard, he will fail the test. 15. My parents won’t allow me to go out if I (don’t finish/ won’t finish) my homework. 2. Put the verbs in bracket into the correct form of conditional sentence type 1. 1. They can’t hear you unless you (speak) ________ louder. 2. If Peter (forget) ________ to write his essay, the teacher (give) ________ him a low mark. 3. If they (win) ________ this match, they will be the champions. 4. We (have) ________ plenty of time if we (arrive) ________ there early. 5. The zookeeper (punish) ________ you if you (feed) ________ the animal. 6. What ________ (Jane/ say) if Jim (tell) ________ her the truth? 7. The boys (shiver) ________ with cold if they (swim) ________ in this lake. 8. The door (not unlock) ________ unless you (press) ________ the green button. 9. Jim won’t be late if he (take) ________ the bus at 6 o’ clock. 10. Mary isn’t home, but if you (want) ________ to leave her a message, I (give) ________ it to her. 11. If Jack (clean) ________ the floor, I (do) ________ the washing. 12. The children (be) ________ happy if you (give) ________ them some sweets. 13. The manager (be) ________ very angry if I am late for work. 14. You will have to work very hard if you (take) ________ his course. If + S + V (s, es) , S + will + V
15. I (go) ________ to see the doctor if I don’t feel well tomorrow. 3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of conditional sentence type 1. 1. If people (pollute) ________ the environment, a lot of animals ________ (die). 2. If water ________ (consist) of germs, people ________ (get) it. 3. If the poles ________ (melt), huge landmasses ________ (be) under water. 4. Many precious animals ________ (disappear), if people ________ (cut down) trees. 5. If nuclear waste ________ (throw) away, it ________ (be) very dangerous. 6. If the emission of CO 2 ________ (continue) at high rate, the climate- ________ (destroy). 7. We ________ (save) the trees if we ________ (save) paper. 8. If schools ________ (teach) about environmental problems, all students ________ (know) how to protect the environment. 9. If more people ________ (travel) by bike or bus, we ________ (not have) traffic jam. 10. If the government ________ (fine) heavily to the factories, they ________ (not dump) sewage into the ocean. 4. Combine each pair of sentences to form a conditional sentence, using conditional type 1. 1. The land is polluted. The farmers are unable to grow crops. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. There is visual pollution. People build too many telephone poles and overhead power lines. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. People use contaminated water for cooking. Their health is badly affected. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. We place dustbins in many places. People don’t throw rubbish everywhere. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. The industrial waste is well-treated. The factory installs a new filtration system. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. II. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 2 (CÂU ĐIẾU KIỆN LOẠI 2) EX: If I were a bird, I would be very happy. EXERCISES 1. Circle the correct answer. 1. His parent would be very proud if he (wouldn’t be/ weren’t) so naughty. 2. If Jane had more money, she (would treat/ treated) herself to a decent meal. 3. If you were a billionaire, what (would you do/ did you do)? 4. If Kate owned a computer, she (would spend/ spent) most of her free time on it. 5. If I (would know/ knew) his address, I would give it to you. 6. She would look much better if her hair (didn’t look/ wouldn’t look) so unkempt. 7. If I were in your situation, I (would/ will) let the nature take its course. 8. If I (lived/ would live) in Japan, I could speak Japanese well. 9. If someone gave you a dress, which color (would you want/ you would want) it to be? 10. I would repair the roof myself if I (would have/ had) a longer ladder. 11. You would be more comfortable now if you (didn’t/ wouldn’t) wear high heels. 12. I (wouldn’t/ didn’t) buy things on the Internet if I were you. 13. If you (met/ would meet) your favorite author Mark Twain, what would you ask him? 14. I (would buy/ bought) a new house if I had enough money. 15. If he (would try/ tried) his best, he might be successful. 2. Put the verbs in bracket into the correct form. 1. I could watch foreign TV programs without subtitles if I (know) ________ English. If + S + V (past simple ) , S + would + V could might
2. He might be obese if he (not stop) ________ taking in fat and sugar. 3. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not do) ________ it. 4. If you (see) ________ someone drowning, ________ (you/ save) him? 5. She (be) ________ happier if her parents (not get) ________ divorced. 6. If you (sleep) ________ under a mosquito net, you (not be) ________ bitten often. 7. I (get) ________ a job easily if (have) ________ a degree. 8. If she (have) ________ another hair style, she (look) ________ younger. 9. If the weather (not be) ________ severe, our crops (grow) ________ faster. 10. I (keep) ________ a horse if I could afford it. 11. More tourists would come to our country if we (provide) ________ better services. 12. If I studied abroad, ________ (we/ keep) in touch with each other? 13. If someone (give) ________ you a camera, what would you do with it? 14. If I (win) ________ a big prize in a lottery, I (donate) ________ a part of it and (spend) ________ the rest for myself. 15. What ________ (you/ do) if you found a wallet in the street? 3. Choose the correct option. 1. I’m not an astronaut. If I _______ an astronaut, I _______ my camera with me on the rocket ship. A. am/ will take B. was/ would take C. were/ had taken D. was/ would have taken 2. Don’t throw aerosol into a fire. An aerosol ________ if you ________ it into a fire. A. will be exploded/ throw B. would explode/ threw C. explodes/ will throw D. can explode/ throw 3. That sounds like a good offer. I ________ it if I ________ you. A. had accepted/ were B. will accept/ am C. would accept/ were D. accepted/ were 4. Nora is using my car right now. If she ________ it back in time, you’re welcome to borrow it. A. brought B. would bring C. will bring D. brings 5. If energy ________ inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different. A. is B. was C. had been D. would be 6. If you ________ all of my questions, I ________ anything to help you. A. don’t answer/ can’t do B. didn’t answer/ won’t do C. wouldn’t answer/ can’t do D. wouldn’t answer/ couldn’t do 7. If I ________ wings, I ________ take an airplane to fly home. A. have/ won’t have to B. had/ wouldn’t have C. have/ will have to D. had/ didn’t have to 8. “Here’s my phone number.” “Thanks, I ________ you a call if I ________ some help.” A. will give/ will need B. would give/ needed C. give/ need D. will give/ need 9. If we ________ serious about pollution, we ________ more money on research. A. had been/ spent B. were/ had spent C. were/ would spend D. are/ will spend 10. Sea water is salty. If the oceans ________ of fresh water, there ________ plenty of water to irrigate all of the deserts in the world. A. consisted/ would be B. consisted/ were C. would consist/ could be D. consist/ will be 4. Comment on these situations. Use a type 2 conditional.
If + S + V (past simple ) , S + would/ could + V 1. Alan always overeats at lunch because he never eats breakfast. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. I don’t know enough about the machine, so I can’t mend it myself. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. I don’t ride the bus to work every morning because it’s always so crowded. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. Not enough money is spent on cancer research, so prevention has not been found. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. The wind is blowing hard, so I won’t take the boat out for a ride. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. Nick can’t find the way because he hasn’t got a map. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7. Schroeder ignores Lucy, so she gets angry with him. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. I can’t look the word up because I haven’t got a dictionary. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9. Linus is smart, so he finds clever solutions to life’s problems. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10. We don’t visit our parents very often because they live so far away. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. UNIT 8 I. PRESENT TENSES: CÁC THÌ HIỆN TẠI Thì Cấu trúc Dấu hiệu nhận biết Hiện tại đơn Động từ thường: (+) S + V_e/es + O (-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V + O (?) Do/ Does + S + V + O? Động từ to be: (+) S + am/ is/ are + O (-) S + am not/ isn’t/ aren’t + O (?) Am/ Is/ Are + S + O? every day/ week/ month/ year... in the morning/ afternoon/ evening always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, frequently... Hiện tại tiếp diễn (+) S + am/ is/ are + V_ing + O (-) S + am/ is/ are not + V_ing + O (?) Am/ Is/ Are + S + V_ing + O? now, at the moment, at the present, Look!, Listen!, at this time, right now, now,... Hiện tại hoàn thành (+) S + have/ has + V PII + O (-) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V PII + O (?) Have/ Has + S + V PII + O? just, yet, never, ever, already, so far, up to now, since, for, recently, lately, until now, up to present. EXERCISES 1. Circle the correct answer. 1. Who (is/ are) James talking to? 2. I (have read/ read) five science books so far. 3. Coffee (has always been/ is always) my favorite drink since I was 20. 4. Why (are you always talking/ do you always talk) with your mouth full?