Tiêu đề Congestive Heart Failure and Shock.pdf ✅

Diseases Of The Cardiovascular System DR. Hussam Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim Professor of Internal Medicine
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE Congestive heart failure (CHF), is a complex clinical syndrome caused by an impairment of the heart's blood pumping function (inefficient myocardial performance), resulting in compromised blood supply to the body). ETIOLOGY  Causes of chronic (congestive) heart failure can be broadly characterized as follows. 1.Valvular diseases a) Endocarditis resulting in either valvular stenosis or valvular insufficiency. b) Congenital valvular defects – most commonly valvular stenosis. c) A rupture of valve or valve chordae.
2. Myocardial disease a) Myocarditis - bacterial, viral, parasitic or toxic. b) Myocardial degeneration – nutritional or toxic. c) Congenital or hereditary cardiomyopathy. d) Toxins affecting cardiac conduction. 3. Congenital anatomical defects producing shunts a) Cardiac defects, such as ventricular or atrial septal defects. b) Vascular abnormalities producing shunts, such as patent ductus arteriosis.