Tiêu đề English E commerce.pdf ✅

3 Fundamentals of E-Commerce 1.1 Introduction The assimilation of information and communications technology (ICT) in business has transformed relationships within organisations and those between and among organisations and individuals. Specifically, the use of ICT in business has enhanced productivity, encouraged greater collaboration, and led to profound changes in various business processes. One of the most dramatic changes currently transpiring in the world of business is the introduction of Electronic Commerce. The impact of electronic commerce (E-Commerce or EC) on procurement, shopping, business collaboration, and customer services, as well as on the delivery of various services, is so significant that almost every organisation is affected. E-Commerce is changing all business functional areas and their important tasks, ranging from advertising to paying bills. The nature of competition is also drastically changing due to new online companies, new business models, and the diversity of EC-related products and services. EC provides unparalleled opportunities for companies to expand worldwide at a small cost, to increase market share, and to reduce costs. 1.2 Meaning of E-Commerce E-Commerce, in simple terms, is the buying and selling of goods over the internet. However, it refers to a wide range of online business activities for products and services. It also includes various network-based technologies such as: • Electronic Data Exchange (EDI) • Electronic Mail (E-mail) • Electronic Bulletin Boards • Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) E-Commerce facilitates business transactions more efficiently than by physical exchanges or direct physical contact. 1.2.1 Examples of E-Commerce • An individual purchases a shirt on the internet. • A corporate employee reserves a hotel room over the internet. • A business calls a toll-free number and orders a computer using the seller's interactive telephone system. • A business buys office supplies online or through an electronic auction. • A retailer in Kolkata orders commodities using an EDI network or a supplier's extranet. • A manufacturing unit in Jamshedpur orders electronic components from another unit within the company using the company's intranet. • Mr. Basu withdraws funds from an automatic teller machine (ATM) of SBI.
4 • Accepting credit or debit cards for commercial online sales. • Driving information through a company via its intranet. • Driving manufacturing and distribution through a value chain with partners on an extranet. • Selling to consumers on a pay-per-download basis, through a website, etc. 1.2.2 E-Commerce Definition There are several definitions of E-Commerce. Some of the notable ones are: • Correspondence Centre (Belgrade, Serbia): E-Commerce is the sharing of business information, maintaining business relationships, and conducting business transactions by means of telecommunications networks. • Zwass: E-Commerce is the use of technology in business transactions to create, transform, and redefine relationships for value creation between or among organisations and between organisations and individuals. • Emmanuel Lallana, Rudy Quimbo, Zorayda Ruth Andam: E-Commerce can be defined as the technology-mediated exchange of business information based on intra or inter-organisational activities which facilitate such exchanges over network channels. 1.3 Scope of E-Commerce The scope of e-commerce can be stated as follows: 1. Carrying on planning jobs electronically through the internet, irrespective of whether it is marketing, production, or financial planning. 2. Carrying on organising the company's business through electronic methods. 3. Carrying on production and marketing activities through electronic devices. 4. Carrying on all other business activities, including e-payment, through the internet. 1.4 Major Players in E-Commerce Understanding the major players within the e-commerce landscape requires a careful examination of both the broader market forces and the specific operational environment. The principal actors are: 1. Vendors: These are the companies that manufacture and supply the underlying technology and elements of e-commerce systems. 2. Commerce Service Providers (CSPs): These organizations are vital in providing the expertise and infrastructure for merchants to establish and operate online businesses. They commonly exist as service operator CSPs, portal CSPs, and professional services CSPs. 3. E-merchants: This category encompasses businesses, merchants, and distribution networks that leverage electronic media to sell products to a substantial customer base and often have well-established brand identities.