Tiêu đề 14. UNIT 5. Global warming.pdf ✅

1 UNIT 5. Global warming 5A. Pronunciation • Sentence stress and rhythm Underline the stressed words in the following sentences, and use the stroke mark to divide each sentence into segments - each segment contains one stressed word. Then practise saying the sentences with a natural rhythm. Example: We talked about | the causes | of floods. 1. Trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 2. Methane emissions are produced through human activities. 3. Forests are cut down to make space for farm animals. 4. Some farmers were worried about the consequences of deforestation. 5. Farming provides us with the food that we eat every day. 6. Burning forests releases tonnes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. 7. Greenhouse gases act like the glass in a greenhouse. 8. National representatives agree on how to make global progress on climate change. 5B. Vocabulary • Words and phrases related to global warming I. Complete the sentences with the words given. global warming greenhouse gas fossil fuels emissions sea level heat-trapping gases human activity deforestation renewable waste 1. Britain agreed to cut _______________________ of nitrogen oxide from power stations. 2. Many islands are below _______________________ and only the concrete walls can prevent them from disappearance. 3. The destruction of the rainforests is contributing to _______________________. 4. The city produces 20 million tons of household _______________________ each year. 5. We need a global system for limiting _______________________ emissions. 6. ________________ has been shown to cause floods and drought. 7. Global warming is driven by emissions of _____________________, primarily from human activities. 8. Our research measures the impact of _______________________ on this particular eco-system. 9. Carbon dioxide is produced in huge amounts when _______________________ are burned. 10. The problem with fossil fuels is that they are not _______________________. II. Match the words (1-5) with the nouns (A-E) to make compound nouns. Write the answer in each blank, and then fill in the text with the correct compound nouns (6-10). 1. carbon _____________ A. warming 2. fossil _____________ B. countries 3. global _____________ C. dioxide 4. greenhouse _____________ D. effect 5. industrialized _____________ E. fuels The biggest threat to life on Earth comes from 6 ______________________. Rich 7 ______________________ in the West have been burning 8 ______________________ such as coal, oil and gas for about 150 years, throwing out large quantities of the 9 ______________________ into the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide traps the heat from the sun and causes the Earth and the atmosphere to get warmer. This is called the 10 ______________________. The problem has been made worse by deforestation, the process of clearing forests in order to create croplands or cattle ranches. III. Fill in each blank with the correct word below. There are three extra words. droughts famine sea life weather
2 energy flooding extreme conditions forest The Expected Effects of Global Warming - A rise in sea levels, causing 1 ______________________ in coastal areas. - Higher sea surface temperatures, endangering 2 ______________________. - The shrinking of glaciers, leading to a decrease in fresh water for rivers and less 3 __________________ production. - A loss of tropical forests, an increase in arid lands, more 4 ______________________ fires, and a loss of animal and plant species. - A decrease in agricultural yields, leading to 5 ______________________. IV. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word / phrase below. energy use endangered species carbon footprint climate change sea levels alternative sources greenhouse gases carbon emissions Why is global warming a problem? High levels of 1 ______________________ in the atmosphere lead to 2 ______________________. The oceans and seas are getting warmer and the polar ice caps are melting. This causes the rise in 3 __________________, which threatens low coastal regions and islands. Furthermore, the weather is becoming more unpredictable, with severe storms and floods, or unexpected droughts. Another effect of global warming is a rise in the number of 4 __________________. Many animals and plants could become extinct if their natural habitats are changed. What can we do about it? Scientists now agree that there is an urgent need to cut down on 5 __________________ across the world. Moreover, we need to develop 6 __________________ of energy, such as wind, wave or solar power. For individuals, being a vegetarian reduces your 7 __________________ (the amount of emissions caused one person’s lifestyle) because it can reduce 8 __________________. V. Match the words 1-5 with a-e. Write the answers in the blanks. 1. global __________________________ a. species 2. endangered __________________________ b. energy 3. solar __________________________ c. footprint 4. wind __________________________ d. warming 5. carbon __________________________ e. farm VI. Complete the sentences with the words in Exercise V. 1. I don’t want to live near a __________________________. I think the turbines are ugly. 2. Our house gets electricity from __________________________. The special panels are on the roof. 3. The world’s climate is getting hotter because of __________________________. 4. Your __________________________ indicates how much CO2 your lifestyle creates. 5. The Bengal tiger is one of the animals on the list of __________________________. VII. Complete the text with the words given below. freeze fuels gases greenhouse heat trap The Greenhouse Effect What is like when you’re in a 1 ___________________ on a sunny day? It’s boiling hot. That’s because the sun’s rays 2 _________________ the air there and the glass windows 3 __________________ the heat inside. Outside, in the earth’s atmosphere, greenhouse 4 ___________________ such as carbon dioxide do the same job as the glass in the greenhouse. They keep our planet warm. Without them, we’d 5 ___________________. However, too much of them and the opposite happens. Burning fossil 6 ___________________ such as oil and coal pollutes the earth’s atmosphere and makes the greenhouse effect worse.
3 • Prepositions VIII. Complete each sentence with the correct preposition. 1. They will require car makers to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide _________________ 30%. 2. The project’s impact _________________ the environment should be minimal. 3. You can only achieve success _________________ hard work. 4. We have added value _________________ the information by organising it. 5. The rain didn’t stop us _________________ enjoying the trip. 6. Recently there has been a rapid increase _________________ fish farming. 7. They must be prepared to accept the consequences _________________ their actions. 8. The use of CFCs was linked _________________ the depletion of the ozone layer. 9. Try to keep a balance _________________ your spending and your earnings. 10. The men came to remove the rubbish _________________ the backyard. 11. There is no easy solution _________________ this problem. 12. There has been no sign of progress _________________ this issue. 5C. Grammar • Present participle and past participle clauses I. Complete the sentences with the present participle form of the verbs given. fly learn drive invent work leave study take 1. Before _________________ on his trip, Tom renewed his passport. 2. After _________________ the light bulb, Thomas Edison went on to create many other useful inventions. 3. Before _________________ on a space mission, an astronaut will have undergone thousands of hours of training. 4. After _________________ the stars, the ancient Mayans in Central America developed a very accurate solar calendar. 5. _________________ that cigarettes cause cancer, many people have stopped smoking. 6. That medicine can be poisonous when _________________ in excessive amounts. 7. He took a wrong direction while _________________ to his uncle’s house and ended up back where he started. 8. _________________ with uranium, Marie Curie discovered two new elements, radium and polonium. II. Reduce the adverb clause to a present participle or past participle clause. 1. Since he opened his new business, he has been working 16 hours a day. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. I turned off the lights before I left the room. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. While he was herding his goats in the mountains, an Ethiopian discovered the coffee plant more than 1,200 years ago. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Before they marched into battle, ancient Ethiopian soldiers ate a mixture of raw coffee beans and fat for extra energy. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. After I met the film star in person, I understood why she was so popular. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. I searched through all my pockets, so I found my keys. _____________________________________________________________________________________
4 7. When it was first brought to Europe, the tomato was thought to be poisonous. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Since it was first imported into Australia many years ago, the rabbit has become a serious pest because it has no natural enemies there. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ III. Reduce the adverb clause to a present participle clause if possible. 1. After the musician stopped playing, the audience stood up and clapped enthusiastically. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Since David was driving to work in the rain, his car got a flat tyre. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. While David was driving to work, he had a flat tyre. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Tom worked hard in the garden all afternoon, so he took a shower and then went to the cinema with his friends. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Before a friend tries to do something hard, an American may say ‘Break a leg!’ to wish him or her good luck. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Lan always straightens her desk before she leaves the office at the end of the day. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Before Bob left on his trip, his manager gave him a big raise. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Mai got all the ingredients, so she made a delicious chicken curry for her friends. _____________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Combine each pair of sentences using a present participle clause if possible. 1. Ann kept one hand on the steering wheel. She opened a can of soda with her free hand. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. He misunderstood the direction to the restaurant. He arrived one hour late for the dinner party. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. She lives a long distance from her office. She has to commute daily by train. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. David lives a long distance from his office. His car is essential. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Ann remembered that she hadn’t turned off the oven. She went directly home. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Phong tripped on the carpet. He spilt his coffee. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. She was lying by the swimming pool. She realised she was getting sunburnt. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. I met Mai after school. She suggested playing badminton. _____________________________________________________________________________________ V. Match the present participle or past participle clauses to the suitable main clauses. 1. Trying to understand the physics problem, ___________________ 2. Since injuring my arm, ___________________ 3. Wanting to ask a question, ___________________