Tiêu đề Grade 11 Unit 9 Short note and questions.pdf ✅

Prepared by Bisrat Alemu for more short notes and videos contact telegram @TTbisrat Grade 11 Unit 9 Short notes and questions Age of Revolutions (1789-1815) Main Themes: This document explores the intertwined narratives of the Industrial Revolution and the political upheavals in America and France during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Key Ideas & Facts: 1. Industrial Revolution:  Origin and Spread: The Industrial Revolution began in mid-18th century England, marked by a significant increase in machine-made goods. It later spread to continental Europe and North America, transforming industries like textiles, iron production, and transportation.  Agricultural Revolution as Catalyst: The enclosure movement and advancements in farming techniques led to increased food production and a surplus labor force that fueled industrial growth. The invention of the seed drill in 1701 and the practice of crop rotation are prime examples.  Factors Contributing to England's Head Start: Abundant natural resources (coal, iron ore, waterways), a burgeoning economy, a stable political system, and a culture of innovation all contributed to England's pioneering role in the Industrial Revolution.  Key Inventions: Innovations like the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule, power loom, and cotton gin revolutionized textile production. Steam engines and railroads further propelled industrial growth, transforming transportation and connecting markets.  Social Impact: The Industrial Revolution led to urbanization, as people moved to cities for factory jobs. However, it also brought about harsh working conditions, pollution, and child labor. Class tensions escalated between the wealthy factory owners and the working class.  Ideological Responses: Laissez-faire economics, advocating minimal government intervention, contrasted with socialism, which called for public ownership of production to ensure worker welfare. Karl Marx emerged, critiquing capitalism and predicting a worker revolution. 2. American Revolution (1775-1783):  Causes: The American Revolution stemmed from growing tensions between Great Britain and its 13 American colonies, primarily over taxation without representation (e.g., Stamp Act).  Influence of Enlightenment: Enlightenment ideals, particularly those of John Locke, emphasizing natural rights and the social contract, fueled the colonists' desire for independence.  Declaration of Independence (1776): This pivotal document, drafted by Thomas Jefferson, declared the colonies' separation from Britain, citing the king's tyranny and the colonists' right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."  Outcome and Significance: The American colonists, aided by France, emerged victorious, establishing an independent nation and inspiring other revolutionary movements. 3. French Revolution (1789-1799):  Background: France suffered under the Old Regime, a system marked by absolute monarchy, social inequality (three estates), economic woes, and the influence of Enlightenment ideals.  Key Events:Estates-General (1789): The meeting of the three estates exposed social tensions and ultimately led to the Third Estate forming the National Assembly.  Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789): This symbolic act marked the beginning of the revolution.  Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789): This document proclaimed fundamental rights and freedoms.

Prepared by Bisrat Alemu for more short notes and videos contact telegram @TTbisrat 9. What was the Napoleonic Code, and what were its main impacts on France and Europe? 10. What were the major goals and guiding principles of the Congress of Vienna? Answer Key 1. The major industries transformed were textiles, iron production, mechanical engineering, chemical manufacturing, and transportation (specifically steamships and railways). 2. England had abundant natural resources, a growing population, a stable government, a developing economy, and overseas trade, making it ideal for industrialization. 3. James Hargreaves' spinning jenny (1764) enabled one worker to spin eight threads at once. Edmund Cartwright's power loom (1787), powered by water, significantly sped up weaving. 4. Laissez-faire economics advocated for minimal government intervention in the economy, letting businesses operate freely. This idea, promoted by Adam Smith, fueled industrial growth but also led to social inequalities. 5. Laissez-faire economics promoted minimal government involvement in economic affairs, while socialism argued for government control or ownership of key industries to ensure social welfare and economic equality. 6. The First Estate (clergy) and Second Estate (nobility) enjoyed privileges and exemptions from taxes. The Third Estate (peasants, artisans, and bourgeoisie) bore the tax burden and lacked political representation, leading to unrest. 7. The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, symbolized the people's uprising against the monarchy's tyranny. It marked a turning point in the French Revolution, leading to the abolition of feudalism and the rise of the National Assembly. 8. The National Assembly abolished feudal privileges, declared the Rights of Man, seized Church lands, implemented tax reforms based on income, and adopted a constitutional monarchy with the Constitution of 1791. 9. The Napoleonic Code, established in 1804, was a comprehensive legal system that unified French law. It emphasized equality before the law, property rights, and religious tolerance, leaving a lasting impact on European legal systems. 10. The Congress of Vienna aimed to restore stability and order in Europe after Napoleon's defeat. Its guiding principles included legitimacy (restoring deposed rulers), compensation (rewarding allies with territories), and the balance of power (preventing any one state from dominating Europe). Essay Questions 1. Analyze the social and economic impacts of the Industrial Revolution on 19th-century England. How did it change the lives of different social classes? 2. Compare and contrast the American and French Revolutions, focusing on their causes, key events, and long-term consequences. 3. "Napoleon Bonaparte was both a child of the French Revolution and its gravedigger." To what extent do you agree with this statement? 4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the Congress of Vienna in achieving long-term peace and stability in Europe. 5. Discuss the role of new technologies and innovations in shaping the course and impact of the Industrial Revolution. Glossary of Key Terms