Tiêu đề 25. RNA PROCESSING, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, AND GENE REGULATION.pdf ✅

PHARMD GURU Page 1 1) INTRODUCTION TO RNA PROCESSING AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS: The journey of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein represents the central dogma of molecular biology. This process is essential for cellular function, growth, and adaptation. It involves several critical steps, including transcription, RNA processing, translation, and gene regulation, all of which ensure accurate and efficient protein production. A. OVERVIEW OF GENETIC INFORMATION FLOW:  The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA → Transcription → RNA → Translation → Protein  This process is vital for converting genetic instructions into functional proteins that drive biological activities. B. IMPORTANCE OF RNA PROCESSING:  In eukaryotic cells, RNA molecules undergo significant post-transcriptional modifications before translation.  RNA processing enhances mRNA stability, ensures correct translation, and regulates gene expression.  Errors in RNA processing can lead to genetic disorders and cancers. C. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR FUNCTION:  Protein synthesis translates genetic information into functional proteins that act as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules.  Proper regulation ensures cells produce the right proteins in response to internal and external cues. 2) RNA PROCESSING: A. rRNA PROCESSING: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a key component of ribosomes, the cellular structures RNA PROCESSING, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, AND GENE REGULATION