Tiêu đề 19 AbPsy - Neurocognitive Disorders.pdf ✅

○ Symptoms of delirium do not come on gradually but develop over hours or a few days ● It is estimated to be present in approximately 20% of older adults who are admitted into acute care facilities such as emergency rooms ○ Most prevalent among older adults, people undergoing medical procedures, cancer patients, and people with AIDS ○ Delirium subsides relatively quickly ○ Some individuals continue to have problems on and off, some evene lapse into a coma and may die ● Causes of Delirium (DSM-5) ○ Ecstasy, Molly (methylenedioxymethamphetamine), and Bath Salts (methylenedioxypyrovalerone) Use ○ Improper use of medication; older adults tend to use prescription medications more ● Factors that Trigger Delirium ○ Age (↑ age = ↑ susceptibility to mild infections / medication changes) ○ Sleep deprivation, immobility, and excessive stress PREVENTION AND TREATMENT Prevention ● Proper medical care and therapeutic drug monitoring ● Structured multidisciplinary interventions that target the prevention of delirium during hospital stays in older patients are very effective ○ Reorienting the patient ○ Providing vision and hearing aids as needed ○ Increasing sleep and physical activity ○ Maintaining proper hydration and nutrition ○ Involving patient in therapeutic activities ○ Reducing doses of psychoactive drugs ● Downside is that these programs require a lot of resources from hospitals Treatment ● Haloperidol or other antipsychotic medication ○ Treatment for delirium brought on by withdrawal from alcohol ○ Can have a calming effect ● Psychosocial Intervention ○ Recommended first line of treatment ○ Goal is to reassure the individual to help them deal with the agitation, anxiety, and hallucinations of delirium ○ Patient who is included in all treatment decisions retains a sense of control MAJOR AND MINOR NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS MAJOR AND MINOR NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS Major Neurocognitive Disorders – gradual deterioration of brain functioning that affects memory, judgment, language, and other advanced cognitive processes ● Previously called dementia ● Someone suspects that there has been a marked decline in cognitive functioning ● On formal testing, patient scores below accepted norms by 2+ standard deviations ● Symptoms materially impair the patient’s ability to function independently ● Patient cannot negotiate activities of daily life by putting forth increased effort or using compensatory strategies such as keeping lists ● Specify current level of severity ○ Mild: patient requires help with activities of daily living ○ Moderate: patient needs help even with such basics as dressing and eating ○ Severe: patient is fully dependent on others Minor Neurocognitive Disorders – created to focus attention on the early stages of cognitive decline 2 | @studywithky