Tiêu đề GEOGRAPHY PART-2 = WORLD PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY FINAL.pdf ✅

World Physical Geography DELHI VN: 9717380832 & DELHI ORN: 9811293743 | JAIPUR: 8290800441 | BHOPAL: 7509975361| INDORE: 9893772941 | BENGALURU: 7619166663 | HYDERABAD: 79960 66663 | KOLKATA: 9007709895 | www.ksgindia.com Page 2 Wind And Aeolian Landforms .....................................................73 SAND DUNES .....................................................................................73 FLUVIAL DESERT LANDFORM......................................................74 Limestone and Chalk Landforms (Karst Landforms)..........75 CONDITION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF KARST TOPOGRAPHY ....................................................................................75 EROSIONAL LANDFORMS.............................................................75 CAVES OR CAVERNS .......................................................................76 Coastal Landforms............................................................................77 Section B- Atmosphere ...............................................80 Chapter – 11 Structure & Composition of the Atmosphere ....................................................................80 The Atmosphere:...............................................................................80 Composition of Atmosphere .......................................................80 Structure of the Atmosphere.......................................................81 Earth and its layers ...........................................................................81 Homosphere and Heterosphere.................................................82 Temperature and insolation.........................................................82 Solar Energy on Earth......................................................................83 Heat Zones on Earth........................................................................83 Heat Budget of The Earth..............................................................83 ..................................................................................................................84 Temperature .......................................................................................84 Chapter 12: Pressure Belts and Wind System............86 Distribution of pressure on the Earth.......................................86 Atmospheric Pressure Pattern.....................................................86 Pressure Belts .....................................................................................86 FORCES INFLUENCING THE WIND MOTION........................87 Seasonal Variations in The Pressure Pattern.........................88 Forces Affecting the Velocity and Direction of Wind........90 Geostrophic Wind.............................................................................90 Gradient wind.....................................................................................90 Tri -Cellular Circulation Model ....................................................91 Winds Formation & Movement..................................................91 Basic Pressure system and Wind movement ........................92 Wind Convergence and Divergence.........................................93 Classification of Winds ...................................................................93 Primary Winds (Planetary Winds)...............................................93 Easterlies (Polar Winds)..................................................................95 Secondary Winds ..............................................................................95 Tertiary Wind (Local Wind) ...........................................................97 Jet Streams ..........................................................................................98 Geo-Strophic Winds .....................................................................100 Chapter – 13 Clouds.....................................................101 Classification of Clouds ...............................................................101 Chapter – 14 Precipitation..........................................102 Precipitation Process ....................................................................102 Forms of Precipitation .................................................................102 World Distribution of Rainfall...................................................104 Acid Rain and Their Impact .......................................................104 Chapter – 15 Air Masses & Front...............................105 Source of Air Mass ........................................................................105 Classification and Nomenclature of air mass:....................105 Air mass modification...................................................................107 Front ....................................................................................................108 Weather associated with different types of fronts...........109 Influence of Air Mass and World Weather: .........................110 Chapter – 16 Atmospheric Disturbances: Cyclone ..111 Classification of Cyclone .............................................................111 Tropical Cyclones ...........................................................................111 Temperate Cyclones:.....................................................................114 Difference between Tropical and Temperate Cyclones: 116 Western Disturbances and India..............................................116 Polar Vortex or Polar Cyclone...................................................116 Polar Vortex and Climate Change...........................................117 Thunderstorm..................................................................................117 Lightning and Thunder................................................................119 Tornado..............................................................................................120 Chapter – 17 Unusual Weather Phenomena ............121 El Niño.................................................................................................121 La Nina................................................................................................122 El Niño Southern Oscillation .....................................................122 El Niño Modoki ...............................................................................123 Indian Ocean Dipole .....................................................................123 Madden..............................................................................................124 Chapter – 18 Climate classification ...........................125 Koppen's Scheme of Classification of Climate...................125 Tropical (A) Climates:....................................................................127 Arid (B) Climates: ............................................................................127 Meso-thermal (C) and Micro-thermal (D)............................128 Polar (E) ..............................................................................................128 World climate based on Koppen’s classification ..............129 Limitations to Köppen’s system...............................................129 Climatic Classifications.................................................................130 Chapter – 19 Major climatic and natural regions of the world.......................................................................131 Difference between Weather and Climate ..........................131 Factors Controlling Climate .......................................................131 Global Climate Types....................................................................132 The Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate- ...........................................133 The Tropical Monsoon and Tropical Marine Climates....134 The Savanna or Sudan Climate-...............................................135 The Hot Desert and Mid-Latitude Desert Climates .........135 The Warm Temperate Western Margin (Mediterranean Climate) ..............................................................................................137 The Temperate Continental (Steppe Climate)....................138 The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin (China Type) Climate................................................................................................138 The Cool Temperate Western Margin (British Type) Climate................................................................................................139 The Cool Temperate Continental (Siberian Type) Climate ...............................................................................................................140 The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin (Laurentian Type) Climate................................................................................................141 The Arctic or Polar Climate ........................................................142 Section C- Hydrosphere............................................ 143 CHAPTER – 20 OCEAN BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY......143