Title Overview of Medicine ✅

OVERVIEW OF MEDICINE 1. ... is a state of mental and physical well-being. a. Medicine b. Medical conditions c. Health d. Clinical problems 2. Name 5 steps of how to manage a medical condition? 3. What can you obtain from taking medical history? a. Symptoms and risk factors b. Symptoms and signs c. Symptoms and tests d. Symptoms and medication 4. Which clinical manifestation of a disease is subjective? a. Pain b. Signs c. Symptoms d. Edema 5. Which cancer has the best prognosis? a. Esophageal cancer b. Testicular cancer c. Prostate cancer d. Thyroid cancer 6. Which is used as a method for secondary prevention? a. Chemotherapy b. Mammography c. Vaccination d. Rehabilitation 7. What is the primary principle of X-rays in medicine? a. Killing cancer cells b. Stimulating bone growth c. Creating 2D images after attenuation of the energy by the body tissue d. Destroying bacteria 8. Which of the following statements is true for the grey scale of appearance of different tissues with the increasing attenuation of X ray? a. Fat > Metal > Air > Bone > Muscle b. Fat > Air > Metal > Bone > Muscle c. Air > Fat > Muscle > Bone > Metal d. Metal > Bone> Muscle > Fat > Air
9. Which one would appear white on a Chest X ray? a. Fat b. Bone c. Fluid/Water d. Air 10. High resolution CT is most commonly used for the evaluation of the: a. Brain b. Lung c. Pancreas d. Breast 11. Which composition plays an important role in MRI technique? a. Proton H+ b. Carbohydrate c. Protein d. Fat 12. Why is contrast used in CT scan? a. To suppress particular tissues b. To enhance blood vessels in a particular tissue (such as tumour) c. To ensure correct tissue is being imaged d. To reduce bone interference 13. Which among the following are used in Computed tomography (CT) Scan? a. X-Rays b. Radio Waves c. Ultrasound d. Infrared waves 14. What are the disadvantages of an MRI machine (select all correct answers)? a. Noise b. Heavy c. Cooling system d. Take longer time than CT 15. Which statement is correct about MRI images (select all that correct)? a. T1 relaxation time measures how quickly the longitudinal component (z axis) of the net magnetization vector recovers to its ground state. b. T2 relaxation time measure how quickly the transverse (xy plane) components of magnetization decay from in phase to out of phase c. T1 and T2 images both highlight fat tissue and water d. In T1 images fat tissue is bright, in T2 images both water and fat tissue are bright 16. Which type of MRI images do the following pictures describe (from left to right)? a. T2 and T1 b. T1 and T2
The figure above represents various states of abnormal hydration. In each diagram, the normal state (orange and lavender) is superimposed on the abnormal state (dashed lines) to illustrate the shifts in the volume (width of rectangles) and total osmolarity (height of rectangles) of the extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments. Use this figure to answer questions 1 - 3 1. Which diagram represents the changes (after osmotic equilibrium) in extracellular and intracellular fluid volume and osmolarity after the infusion of 0.9% (isotonic) NaCl solution ? A) A B) B C) C D) D 2. Which diagram represents the changes (after osmotic equilibrium) in extracellular and intracellular fluid volume and osmolarity after the infusion of 3% NaCl solution? A) A B) B C) C D) D 3. Which diagram represents the changes (after osmotic equilibrium) in extracellular and intracellular fluid volume and osmolarity in a patient with acute hyperglycemia? A) A B) B C) C D) D 4. Which statement about peptide or protein hormones is usually true?
A) They have longer half-lives than steroid hormones B) They have receptors on the cell membrane C) They have a slower onset of action than both steroid and thyroid hormones D) They are not stored in endocrine glands 5. The main reasons for a clinical test are as follows: A) To establish a diagnosis in symptomatic patients. B) To screen for disease in asymptomatic patients. C) To confirm that a person is free from a disease. D) All are correct 6. Sensitivity of a test is: A) the number of positive tests in the group of participants with positive gold-standard tests B) the number of positive tests in the group of participants with negative gold-standard tests C) the number of negative tests in the group of participants with positive gold-standard tests D) the number of negative tests in the group of participants with negative gold-standard tests 7. Specificity of a test is: A) the number of positive tests in the group of participants with positive gold-standard tests B) the number of positive tests in the group of participants with negative gold-standard tests C) the number of negative tests in the group of participants with positive gold-standard tests D) the number of negative tests in the group of participants with negative gold-standard tests 8. To rule out a disease we use a negative-result test with: A) Low sensitivity B) High sensitivity C) Low specificity D) High specificity 9. To rule in a disease we use a positive-result test with: A) Low sensitivity B) High sensitivity C) Low specificity D) High specificity 10. You would generally select a high frequency transducer to get: A) Better tissue penetration (depth) B) Better image detail (resolution) C) Faster imaging D) Decreased attenuation