Title 11. Biotechnology Principles and Processes.pdf ✅

138 11.1 Principles of Biotechnology 1. The DNA molecule to which the gene of interest is integrated for cloning is called (a) template (b) carrier (c) transformer (d) vector. (2015) 2. The cutting of DNA at specific locations became possible with the discovery of (a) selectable markers (b) ligases (c) restriction enzymes (d) probes. (2015) 3. Which one of the following is a case of wrong matching? (a) Somatic – Fusion of two hybridization diverse cells (b) Vector DNA – Site for tRNA synthesis (c) Micropropagation – In vitro production of plants in large numbers (d) Callus – Unorganised mass of cells produced in tissue culture (2012) 4. Whichoneofthe following techniquesmade itpossible to genetically engineer living organisms? (a) Recombinant DNA techniques (b) X-ray diffraction (c) Heavier isotope labelling (d) Hybridization (Mains 2011) 5. Which of the following are used in gene cloning? (a) Nucleoids (b) Lomasomes (c) Mesosomes (d) Plasmids (2010) 6. Manipulation of DNA in genetic engineering became possible due to the discovery of (a) restriction endonuclease (b) DNA ligase (c) transcriptase (d) primase. (2002) 7. The bacteria generally used for genetic engineering is (a) Agrobacterium (b) Bacillus (c) Pseudomonas (d) Clostridium. (2000) 8. Which of the following isrelated to genetic engineering? (a) Heterosis (b) Mutation (c) Plastid (d) Plasmid (1999) 9. Genetic engineering is possible, because (a) we cancutDNAatspecific sitesby endonucleases like DNase I (b) restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro (c) the phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood (d) we can see DNA by electron microscope. (1998) 10. When scientists make an animal superior by view of genotype, introducing some foreign genes in it, is called (a) immunization (b) genetic engineering (c) tissue culture (d) biotechnology. (1996) 11. Which of the following organelles is related with genetic engineering? (a) Mitochondria (b) Plasmids (c) Golgi bodies (d) Lysosomes (1994) 11.2 Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology 12. Identify the wrong statement with regard to restriction enzymes. (a) Each restriction enzyme functions by inspecting the length of a DNA sequence. (b) They cut the strand of DNA at palindromic sites. (c) They are useful in genetic engineering. (d) Sticky ends can be joined by using DNA ligases. (NEET 2020) 13. Choose the correct pair from the following. (a) Ligases - Join the two DNA molecules (b) Polymerases - Break the DNA into fragments (c) Nucleases - Separate the two strands of DNA (d) Exonucleases - Make cuts at specific positions within DNA (NEET 2020) Biotechnology : Principles and Processes 11 CHAPTER EduHulk.COM
Biotechnology : Principles and Processes 139 14. The specific palindromic sequencewhich isrecognised by EcoRI is (a) 5′ - GAATTC - 3′ (b) 5′ - GGAACC - 3′ 3′ - CTTAAG - 5′ 3′ - CCTTGG - 5′ (c) 5′ - CTTAAG - 3′ (d) 5′ - GGATCC - 3′ 3′ - GAATTC - 5′ 3′ - CCTAGG - 5′. (NEET 2020) 15. The sequence that controls the copy number of the linked DNA in the vector, is termed (a) selectable marker (b) Ori site (c) palindromic sequence (d) recognition site. (NEET 2020) 16. In gel electrophoresis, separated DNA fragments can be visualized with the help of (a) acetocarmine in bright blue light (b) ethidium bromide in UV radiation (c) acetocarmine in UV radiation (d) ethidium bromide in infrared radiation. (NEET 2020) 17. Following statements describe the characteristics of the enzyme restriction endonuclease. Identify the incorrect statement. (a) The enzyme recognises a specific palindromic nucleotide sequence in the DNA. (b) The enzyme cuts DNA molecule at identified position within the DNA. (c) The enzyme binds DNA at specific sites and cuts only one of the two strands. (d) The enzyme cuts the sugar-phosphate backbone at specific sites on each strand. (NEET 2019) 18. A selectable marker is used to (a) help in eliminating the non-transformants, so that the transformants can be regenerated (b) identify the gene for a desired trait in an alien organism (c) select a suitable vector for transformation in a specific crop (d) mark a gene on a chromosome for isolation using restriction enzyme. (Odisha NEET 2019) 19. Given beloware fourstatements pertaining to separation of DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis. Identify the incorrect statements. (i) DNA is negatively charged molecule and so it is loaded on gel towards the anode terminal. (ii) DNAfragmentstravel along the surface of the gel whose concentration does not affect movement of DNA. (iii)Smaller the size of DNA fragment larger is the distance it travels through it. (iv) Pure DNAcan be visualized directly by exposing UV radiation. Choose correct answer from the options given below. (a) (i), (iii) and (iv) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iv) (Odisha NEET 2019) 20. Which ofthe following is commonly used as a vectorfor introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes? (a) Retrovirus (b) Ti plasmid (c) λ phage (d) pBR322 (NEET 2018) 21. The DNA fragments separated on an agarose gel can be visualised after staining with (a) acetocarmine (b) aniline blue (c) ethidium bromide (d) bromophenol blue. (NEET 2017) 22. DNA fragments are (a) negatively charged (b) neutral (c) either positively or negatively charged depending on their size (d) positively charged. (NEET 2017) 23. Agenewhose expression helpsto identify transformed cell is known as (a) vector (b) plasmid (c) structural gene (d) selectable marker. (NEET 2017) 24. What is the criterion for DNA fragments movement on agarose gel during gel electrophoresis ? (a) The smallerthe fragmentsize,the fartherit moves. (b) Positively charged fragments move to farther end. (c) Negatively charged fragments do not move. (d) The larger the fragment size, the farther it moves. (NEET 2017) 25. A foreign DNA and plasmid cut by the same restriction endonuclease can be joined to form a recombinant plasmid using (a) EcoRI (b) Taq polymerase (c) polymerase III (d) ligase. (NEET-II 2016) 26. Which of the following restriction enzymes produces blunt ends? (a) SalI (b) EcoRV (c) XhoI (d) HindIII (NEET-II 2016) 27. Which of the following is not a feature of the plasmids? (a) Transferable (b) Single-stranded (c) Independent replication (d) Circular structure (NEET-I 2016) 28. Which ofthe following is a restriction endonuclease? (a) DNase I (b) RNase (c) Hind II (d) Protease (NEET-I 2016) 29. The introduction of T-DNA into plants involves (a) exposing the plants to cold for a brief period (b) allowing the plant roots to stand in water (c) infection of the plant by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (d) altering the pH of the soil, then heat-shocking the plants. (2015) EduHulk.COM
140 30. Which vector can clone only a small fragment of DNA? (a) Bacterial artificial chromosome (b) Yeast artificial chromosome (c) Plasmid (d) Cosmid (2014) 31. Commonly used vectorsfor humangenome sequencing are (a) T - DNA (b) BAC and YAC (c) expression vectors (d) T/A cloning vectors. (2014) 32. The colonies of recombinant bacteria appear white in contrast to blue colonies of non-recombinant bacteria because of (a) insertional inactivation of alpha galactosidase in recombinant bacteria (b) inactivation of glycosidase enzyme in recombinant bacteria (c) non-recombinant bacteria containing beta galactosidase (d) insertional inactivation of alpha galactosidase in non-recombinant bacteria. (NEET 2013) 33. DNA fragments generated by the restriction endo- nucleases in a chemical reaction can be separated by (a) electrophoresis (b) restriction mapping (c) centrifugation (d) polymerase chain reaction. (NEET 2013) 34. The given figure is the diagrammatic representation of the E. coli vector pBR322. Which one of the given options correctly identifiesits certain component(s)? Bam H1 Sal 1 Pvu II rop ori Pst I Pvu I Eco R I Cla Hin d III tet ampR R (a) ori-original restriction enzyme (b) rop-reduced osmotic pressure (c) HindIII, EcoRI - selectable markers (d) ampR, tet R–antibiotic resistance genes (2012) 35. Asingle strand of nucleic acid taggedwith a radioactive molecule is called (a) vector (b) selectable marker (c) plasmid (d) probe. (2012) 36. For transformation, micro-particles coated with DNAto be bombardedwith gene gun are made up of (a) silver or platinum (b) platinum or zinc (c) silicon or platinum (d) gold or tungsten. (2012) 37. Biolistics (gene-gun) is suitable for (a) disarming pathogen vectors (b) transformation of plant cells (c) constructing recombinant DNA by joining with vectors (d) DNA fingerprinting. (Mains 2012) 38. In genetic engineering, the antibiotics are used (a) as selectable markers (b) to select healthy vectors (c) as sequences from where replication starts (d) to keep the cultures free of infection. (Mains 2012) 39. Which one of the following represents a palindromic sequence in DNA? (a) 5′ - GAATTC - 3′ (b) 5′ - CCAATG - 3′ 3′ - CTTAAG - 5′ 3′ - GAATCC - 5′ (c) 5′ - CATTAG - 3′ (d) 5′ - GATACC - 3′ 3′ - GATAAC - 5′ 3′ - CCTAAG - 5′ (Mains 2012) 40. Given below is a sample of a portion of DNA strand giving the base sequence on the opposite strands. What is so special shown in it? 5′ _____ GAATTC _____ 3′ 3′ _____ CTTAAG _____ 5′ (a) Replication completed (b) Deletion mutation (c) Start codon at the 5′ end (d) Palindromic sequence of base pairs (2011) 41. There is a restriction endonuclease called EcoRI. What does “co” part in it stand for? (a) colon (b) coelom (c) coenzyme (d) coli (2011) 42. Agarose extracted from sea weeds is used in (a) spectrophotometry (b) tissue culture (c) PCR (d) gel electrophoresis. (2011) 43. Which one of the following palindromic base sequences in DNA can be easily cut at about the middle by some particular restriction enzyme? (a) (b) (c) (d) (2010) 44. Which one of the following is used as vector for cloning genes into higher organisms? (a) Baculovirus (b) Salmonella typhimurium (c) Rhizopus nigricans (d) Retrovirus (2010) EduHulk.COM
Biotechnology : Principles and Processes 141 45. DNA or RNA segment tagged with a radioactive molecule is called (a) vector (b) probe (c) clone (d) plasmid. (2010) 46. Restriction endonucleases are enzymes which (a) make cuts at specific positions within the DNA molecule (b) recognize a specific nucleotide sequence for binding of DNA ligase (c) restrict the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase (d) remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA molecule. (2010) 47. In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of interest, is transferred to the host cell through a vector. Consider the following four agents (i-iv) in this regard and select the correct option about which one or more of these can be used as a vector/vectors. (i) Bacterium (ii) Plasmid (iii)Plasmodium (iv) Bacteriophage (a) (i), (ii) and (iv) (b) (i) only (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv) (Mains 2010) 48. Polyethylene glycol method is used for (a) biodiesel production (b) seedless fruit production (c) energy production from sewage (d) gene transfer without a vector. (2009) 49. Which one of the following is commonly used in transfer of foreign DNA into crop plants? (a) Meloidogyne incognita (b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens (c) Penicillium expansum (d) Trichoderma harzianum (2009) 50. Gel electrophoresis is used for (a) construction of recombinant DNA by joining with cloning vectors (b) isolation of DNA molecules (c) cutting of DNA into fragments (d) separation of DNA fragments according to their size. (2008) 51. The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector became possible with (a) DNA polymerase (b) exonucleases (c) DNA ligase (d) endonucleases. (2008) 52. Restriction endonuclease (a) synthesizes DNA (b) cuts the DNA molecule randomly (c) cuts the DNA molecule at specific sites (d) restrictsthe synthesis of DNAinside the nucleus. (2006) 53. Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic engineering are (a) crown gall bacterium and Caenorhabditis elegans (b) Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (c) Vibrio cholerae and a tailed bacteriophage (d) Diplococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. (2006) 54. Restriction endonucleases (a) are present in mammalian cells for degradation of DNA when the cell dies (b) are used in genetic engineering for ligating two DNA molecules (c) are used for in vitro DNA synthesis (d) are synthesized by bacteria as part of their defense mechanism. (2004) 55. The Ti plasmid, is often used for making transgenic plants. The plasmid is found in (a) Azotobacter (b) Rhizobium of the roots of leguminous plants (c) Agrobacterium (d) Yeast as a 2 mm plasmid. (2004) 56. The most thoroughly studied of the known bacteria- plant interactions is the (a) cyanobacterialsymbiosiswith some aquatic ferns (b) gall formation on certain angiosperms by Agrobacterium (c) nodulation of Sesbania stems by nitrogen fixing bacteria (d) plant growth stimulation by phosphate- solubilising bacteria. (2004) 57. Which one of the following bacteria has found extensive use in genetic engineering work in plants? (a) Clostridium septicum (b) Xanthomonas citri (c) Bacillus coagulens (d) Agrobacterium tumefaciens (2003) 58. Which of the following enzymes are used to join bits of DNA? (a) Ligase (b) Primase (c) DNA polymerase (d) Endonuclease (2002) 59. A mutant strain of T4 - Bacteriophage, R-II, fails to lyse the E. coli but when two strains R-IIX and R-IIY are mixed then they lyse the E.coli. What may be the possible reason? (a) Bacteriophage transforms in wild. (b) It is not mutated. (c) Both strains have similar cistrons. (d) Both strains have different cistrons. (2001) EduHulk.COM