Title TEST 2- UNIT 5 - HS.docx ✅

e. Although the internet began as a simple network for scientists, it has grown into a vast system where people can share ideas and create new technologies together. A. b-c-d-e-a B. e-b-d-c-a C. c-b-e-d-a D. d-c-b-e-a Question 17: a. Radar was invented to spot enemy planes, but now it helps military leaders see dangers from far away. b. Tanks first appeared in World War I, and soldiers feared these metal machines that could cross trenches while bullets bounced off them. c. Gunpowder from ancient China changed battles forever, and it quickly led to powerful weapons that made armor useless. d. Computers created cyber warfare, where countries can attack without sending any soldiers across borders. e. Aircraft started as scouts but became bombers that could attack cities where ground soldiers couldn't defend. A. c-b-e-a-d B. c-d-a-b-e C. c-e-b-d-a D. c-a-e-b-d Read the following passage about Inventions That Were Centuries Ahead of Their Time and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22. From the shadows of antiquity emerge technological prophecies - creations so ahead of their time they defied the very limits of their era's imagination. Leonardo da Vinci designed flying machines and tanks in the 15th century, but these ideas (18)_________. The ancient Greeks created the Antikythera mechanism, which was a complex astronomical calculator that could predict eclipses and planetary positions with amazing accuracy. If the Baghdad Battery had been fully understood when it was created 2,000 years ago, electricity might have been harnessed much earlier in human history. Hero of Alexandria invented a steam- powered device in the first century, (19)_________; the world simply wasn't ready for such technology at that time. What fascinates historians, as many scholars agree, (20)_________. Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine in the 1830s, and it contained all the essential elements of a modern computer; (21)_________. These visionary creations demonstrate how human ingenuity often surpasses the technological capabilities of the era. Many of these inventions were rediscovered and finally appreciated centuries after their creators had passed away, showing that brilliant ideas may sometimes need to wait for the right moment in history to flourish. Modern researchers, (22)_________, aim to better understand the development of human knowledge across time and to appreciate the remarkable foresight of these pioneering minds. These historical examples remind us that innovation isn't always immediately recognized, and some of today's overlooked ideas might become tomorrow's revolutionary technologies, continuing the cycle of human creativity and discovery. Question 18: A. which remained theoretical concepts despite extensive research by ancient scholars B. couldn't be built until materials and engines were developed centuries later
C. that inventors who attempted to create them faced insurmountable technical limitations D. having inspired numerous failed prototypes throughout medieval European history Question 19: A. therefore medieval craftsmen perfected these concepts within several centuries B. and their designs were immediately adopted across Mediterranean cultures C. yet the Industrial Revolution didn't begin until 1,700 years later D. but ancient societies had already mastered complex mechanical engineering Question 20: A. has been why historians ignored such compelling evidence until the recent archaeological findings B. is that these ancient inventors created these remarkable devices without modern tools or scientific knowledge C. would be that modern engineers cannot replicate these designs despite our technological advantages D. was whether ancient societies deliberately concealed their advanced technologies from rival civilizations Question 21: A. although he successfully demonstrated the machine to impressed royal audiences B. meanwhile, similar devices had already been perfected in eastern civilizations C. however, the technology to build it properly didn't exist during his lifetime D. therefore, his contemporaries immediately constructed working prototypes of his design Question 22: A. inventions have surpassed modern technology in efficiency and durability B. whom will discover the complete blueprints in previously unexplored ruins C. had been perfecting for centuries before suddenly disappeared from history D. who continue to study these ancient innovations with great dedication and passion Read the following passage about When Creating Solutions Creates Problems and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. Imagine creating a solution that becomes your next problem. This paradoxical situation characterizes much of human innovation throughout history. From simple tools to complex machines, these innovations have transformed society. However, many inventions designed to solve one problem often create unexpected new challenges, a phenomenon known as the "invention paradox." This concept challenges our traditional understanding of technological progress and development. The automobile perfectly illustrates this paradox. When cars were first developed, they solved transportation issues, allowing people to travel faster and more comfortably than with horses. They eliminated problems like horse manure in cities and reduced travel time dramatically. Nevertheless, automobiles introduced new problems: air pollution, traffic congestion, and thousands of annual fatalities. The convenience that cars provide comes with significant environmental and social costs that their inventors could not have anticipated or prevented through initial design considerations.