Title 2. P1C2 (কোষ বিভাজন)_With Solve 26-02-25.pdf ✅

cÖvYxi wewfbœZv I ‡kÖwYweb ̈vm  Practice Content 3 6. Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwm‡mi djvdj Kx? DËit- Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwm‡mi d‡j K ̈vÝvi I wUDgvi m„wó nq| †Kv‡li Af ̈šÍixb I evwn ̈K wewfbœ d ̈v±i Øviv gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb wbqwš¿Z nq| †Kv‡bv Kvi‡b GB wbqš¿b AKvh©Ki n‡j Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwmm N‡U _v‡K| p 53 bvgK †cÖvwUb †Kvl‡K wefvRb n‡Z weiZ iv‡L| GwU Defective n‡j †Kvl Pμ nvwi‡q ‡d‡j, d‡j K ̈vÝvi m„wó nq| K ̈vÝvi †Kvl Zv‡`i †MÖv_ d ̈v±iI wb‡Riv ˆZwi K‡i †bq| wUDgvi m„wó nIqv‡K e‡j Oncogenesis| †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k wUDgvi Qwo‡q cov‡K Metastasis e‡j| 7. gvB‡Uvwmm Kxfv‡e cÖRb‡b mvnvh ̈ K‡i? DËit- gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb cÖRb‡bI mvnvh ̈ K‡i| Rbbv1⁄2 m„wó I Rbb †Kv‡li msL ̈v e„w×| gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡bi d‡jB eû‡Kvlx Rx‡ei Rbbv1⁄2 m„wó nq, d‡j eske„w×i μgaviv eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡i| Rbb †Kv‡li msL ̈v e„wׇZI gvB‡Uvwmm cÖwμqv Avek ̈K| GQvov GK †Kvlx my‡Kw›`aK Rx‡e gvB‡Uvwmm cÖwμqvi gva ̈‡g esk e„w× nq| 8. †Kvl Pμ ej‡Z Kx eyS? DËit- GKwU †Kvl m„wó Ges e„w× Ges cieZ©x wefvRb- G wZbwU KvR †h P‡μi gva ̈‡g m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K ejv nq †Kvl Pμ| G PμwU evi evi Pj‡ZB _v‡K| nvIqvW© I †cé G P‡μi cÖ ̄Íve K‡ib| †Kvl Pμ `ywU cÖavb av‡c wef3 M phase hv g~jZ †Kv‡li wefvRbiZ Ae ̄’v Ges B›Uvi‡dR hv `ywU M Phase Gi ga ̈eZ©x AwefvRb Ae ̄’v| Gg. †dR ch©vqμwgK fv‡e ci ci G‡m '‡Kvl Pμ m¤úbœ n‡e| 9. RxeRM‡Z †KvlPμ ̧iæZ¡c~b© †Kb? DËit- RxeRM‡Z †KvlP‡μi ̧iæZ¡ Acixwmg| ‡KvlPμ bv _vK‡j GK‡Kvlx ev eû‡Kvlx †Kv‡bv Rx‡eiB eske„w× n‡e bv| B›Uvi‡d‡Ri cÖ ̄‘wZi Kvi‡bB gvB‡Uvwmm nq| Avi gvB‡Uvwmm eû‡Kvlx Rx‡ei e„w× I weKvk NUvq| cÖwZwU Rx‡e ̄^vfvweK †Kvl Pμ H Rx‡ei ̄^vfvweK e„w× m¤úbœ K‡i| Awbqwš¿Z †Kvl Pμ Rxe‡`‡ni ̄^vfvweK e„w× I weKv‡k evav †`q GgbwK K ̈vÝvi †ivM m„wó K‡i _v‡K| 10. B›Uvi†d‡Ri Zvrch© Kx? DËit- †Kv‡li B›Uvi‡dR ch©vq Rxe Rxe‡b AwZ ̧iæZ¡c~Y©| `ywU Gg †d‡Ri ga ̈eZ©x AwefvRb Ae ̄’vB B›Uvi‡dR| 'GwU †KvlwU cieZ©x wefvR‡b AskMÖnb Ki‡e wKbv Zv wba©vib K‡i| GLv‡b cieZ©x wefvR‡bi Rb ̈†cÖvwUb, RNA I DNA †iwcø‡Kk‡bi mKj Dcv`vb ˆZix nq I DNA †iwcø‡K‡UW nq, gvB‡μvwUDweDjm ˆZix nq †Kvl wefvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq kw3 ˆZix nq| B›Uvi‡dR ch©vq bv _vK‡j 'wefvRb ch©vq m¤úbœ n‡e bv A_©vr bZyb RxeB m„wó n‡e bv| 11. †KvlP‡μ ms‡kølb `kv ej‡Z Kx eyS? DËit- †Kvl P‡μi ms‡kølb `kv n‡jv B›Uvi‡d‡Ri GKwU Dcch©vq hv G `kv I G2 `kvi ga ̈eZ©x Ae ̄’vb K‡i| ms‡kølY `kvi Av‡iK bvg Synthesis evS`kv, GB Dc ch©v‡qi cÖavb KvR n‡jv wbDwK¬qv‡m †μv‡gv‡mv‡gv ̄’ DNA m~‡Îi †iwcø‡Kkb| cieZ©x Dcch©v‡q cÖ‡e‡ki Av‡MB DNA †iwcø‡Kkb m¤úbœ nq| GB Dc-ch©v‡q mgq e ̈q nq ‡gvU mg‡qi 30-50 fvM| 12. †Kvl P‡μi wbqš¿K ej‡Z Kx eyS? DËit- †Kvl P‡μi wbqš¿K n‡jvmvBwK¬b †cÖvwUb Ges cdk. gvby‡li †Kv‡l Pvi cÖKvi mvBwK¬b _v‡K| mvBwK¬b-D †Kvl‡K G †_‡K S Ges S ch©vq †_‡K G2 ch©v‡q wb‡q hvq| mvBwK¬b E:S ch©v‡q DNA †iwcø‡Kk‡bi Rb ̈ †Kvl‡K cÖ ̄‘Z K‡i| mvBwK¬b- A : S ch©v‡q DNA †iwcø‡Kkb mwμq I Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i| mvBwK¬b-B gvB‡UvwUK w ̄úÛj ˆZwimn gvB‡Uvwm‡mi Rb ̈ cÖ‡qvRbxq mewKQy m¤úbœ K‡i| 13. †Kvl Pμ wgIwm‡m †Kb N‡U bv? DËit- †Kvl Pμ mvavibZ gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡b N‡U wgIwm‡m N‡U bv| Kvib †KvlP‡μi wZbwU Dcch©v‡qi g‡a ̈ S `kv ev ms‡kølY Dcch©v‡q DNA †iwcø‡Kkb nq, †cÖvwUb ms‡kølb 'nq hv gvB‡Uvwmm NUvi Rb ̈ `iKvi wKš‘ wgIwmm NUvi Rb ̈ `iKvi nq bv| G Rb ̈ †Kvl Pμ cÖwμqvwU gv‡qvwm‡m N‡U bv| 14. A ̈vgvB‡Uvwmm I gvB‡Uvwm‡mi g‡a ̈ Zyjbvg~jK cv_©K ̈ Ki| DËit- A ̈vgvB‡Uvwmm I gvB‡Uvwm‡mi g‡a ̈ Zyjbvg~jK cv_©K ̈ wb¤œiæc: cv_©‡K ̈i welq A ̈vgvB‡Uvwmm gvB‡Uvwmm 1. `kv ev ch©vq GwU mij cÖK...wZi| †Kvbv `kv ev ch©vq †bB| GwU Zyjbvg~jK RwUj I wewfbœ `kv Av‡Q| 2. wbDwK¬qv‡mi wefvRb G wefvR‡b wbDwK¬qvm mivmwi wefvwRZ nq G wefvR‡b wbDwK¬qvm wewfbœ `kvq wefvwRZ nq| 3. wefvRb cÖwμqv wbDwK¬qvm I mvB‡UvcøvRg cÖvq GK‡Î wefvwRZ nq| cÖ_‡g wbDwK¬qvm I c‡i mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi wefvRb nq| 4. wefvR‡bi cÖK...wZ| G‡K cÖZ ̈¶ wefvRb e‡j G‡K c‡iv¶ wefvRb e‡j| 15. B›Uvi†dR I M phase Gi Zyjbvg~jK cv_©K ̈ Ki: DËit- B›Uvi‡dR IM phase Gi Zyjbvg~jK cv_©K ̈ wb¤œiƒct B›Uvi†dR M phase 1. GwU †Kvl wefvR‡bi cÖ ̄‘wZ `kv 1. GwU †Kv‡li cÖK...Z wefvRb '`kv 2. †KvlP‡μi 90-95% cÖvq GLv‡b e ̈q nq 2. †Kvl P‡μi 5-10% mgq GLv‡b e ̈q nq| 3. G `kvq ‡Kvlxq msMV‡bi e„w× Ges msL ̈vMZ e„w× N‡U| 3. G `kvq ‡Kvlxq msMV‡bi we ̄Ívi I wefvRb N‡U| 4. eskMZxq e ̄‘ wnmv‡e †μvgvwUb _v‡K| 4. eskMZxq e ̄‘ wnmv‡e †μv‡gv‡mvg _v‡K| 16. 'K ̈vwiIKvB‡bwmm ej‡Z Kx eyS? DËit- gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb gvZ„‡Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvm †_‡K `ywU AcZ ̈ wbDwK¬qvm m„wó nIqv‡K K ̈vwiI KvB‡bvwmm e‡j| G cÖwμqvq DNA Nbxf~Z n‡q hvq Ges †μv‡gv‡mvgxi e ̄‘ mgvb `y fv‡M wef3 nq| G mgq wbDwK¬qv‡mi Lye `aæZ cwieZ©b N‡U e‡j Gi mwVK e ̈vL ̈v Kiv KwVb| K ̈vwiIKvB‡bwmm 5 wU cÖavb `kvq wef3| h_v- (1) †cÖv‡dR (2) †cÖv-‡gUv‡dR (3) †gUv‡dR (4) A ̈vbv‡dR I 5) †U‡jv‡dR| 17. mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm Kx? DËit- †Kvl wefvR‡b wbDwK¬qvmmn mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi wefvRb‡K mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm e‡j| ‡U‡jv‡dR `kvi †k‡li w`‡K mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm ïiæ nq| DwTM¢`‡Kv‡l welyexq A‡j GKwU †Kvl‡cøU MV‡bi gva ̈‡g mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm nq| G‡Z G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjv‡gi ¶y`avsk d«vM‡gveøv÷ I ¶y`a †fwmKj `vbv mwÂZ nq| cÖvbx‡Kv‡l welyexq A‡j jvB‡mv‡mvg m`„k ̈ d«vM‡gv‡mvg mwÂZ n‡q cøvRgv‡jgv ev †KvlwSwjø MVb Kivi gva ̈‡g mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm m¤úbœ nq|
cÖvYxi wewfbœZv I ‡kÖwYweb ̈vm  Practice Content 4 18. †Kvl wefvR‡b mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? DËit- †Kvl wefvR‡b mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm cÖ‡qvRb KviY- mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm bv n‡j GKB†Kv‡l eû wbDwK¬qv‡mi m„wó nq| G‡K ejv nq gy3 wbDwK¬qvm wefvRb| Wv‡ei cvwb gy3 wbDwK¬qvi wefvR‡bi dmj| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv QÎvK, ˆkevj I cÖvbx‡Kv‡li K ̈vwiIKvB‡bwmm N‡U bv| G ai‡bi DwTM¢`‡K wm‡bvmvBwUK Avi cÖvbx‡Kvl‡K cøvR‡gvwWqvg e‡j| 19. K ̈vwiIKvB‡bvwmm Ges mvB‡UvKvB‡bwm‡mi g‡a ̈ Zyjbv Ki| DËit- K ̈vwiIKvB‡bvwmm Ges mvB‡UvKvB‡bwm‡mi g‡a ̈ Zyjbv wb¤œiæc K ̈vwiIKvB‡bvwmm mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm 1. GwU †KvlP‡μi gvB‡UvwUK `kvi cÖ_g avc| 1. GwU †KvlP‡μi gvB‡UvwUK `kvi wØZxq avc| 2. G‡¶‡Î †Kv‡li gvZ... wbDwK¬qvm wefvwRZ n‡q `ywU AcZ ̈ †Kvl m„wó nq| 2. G‡¶‡Î †Kv‡li mvB‡UvcøvRg wefvwRZ n‡q `ywU AcZ ̈ †Kvl m„wó nq| 3. GwU RwUj I `xN© cÖwμqv 3. GwU mij I msw¶ß cÖwμqv 20. †gUvewjK wbDwK¬qvm Kv‡Z Kx eyS? DËit- B›Uvi‡dR Ae ̄’vi †Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvm‡K ejv nq †gUvewjK wbDwK¬qvm, ev wecvKxq wbDwK¬qvm| B›Uvi‡dR Ae ̄’vwU †ek `xN©| cieZ©x wefvRb ch©vqwU‡K my›`ifv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb ̈ B›Uvi‡dR Ae ̄’vq wbDwK¬qvm eû ̧iæZ¡c~Y© wμqv wewμqv N‡U _v‡K| M. Phase mym¤úbœ Ki‡Z me ai‡bi cÖ ̄‘wZ MÖnY Kiv nq B›Uvi‡dR Ae ̄’vq| †KvlP‡μi †gvU mg‡qi 90-95 fvM mgq e ̈q nq B›Uvi‡dR Ae ̄’vq| 21. †gUv‡dR Gi PviwU ˆewkó ̈ †jL? DËit- †gUv‡d‡Ri PviwU ˆewkó ̈ wb¤œiæc| 1. cÖ_‡g mg ̄Í †μv‡gv‡mvg w ̄úÛj h‡š¿i welyexq A‡j G‡m Ae ̄’vb K‡i, GB web ̈ ̄Í nIqv‡K †gUvKvB‡bvwmm I e‡j| 2. G ch©v‡q †μvgvwUZ ̧‡jv me‡P‡q Lv‡Uv, †gvUv I ̄úó †`Lv hvq| Lv‡Uv I †gvUv nIqv‡K Kb‡Wb‡mkb e‡j| 3. G ch©v‡q †μv‡gv‡mv‡gi msL ̈v I AvKvi AvK...wZ wbY©qKiv hvq| 4. cÖwZwU †m‡›Uavwgqvi m¤ú~Y© wef3 n‡q `ywU AcZ ̈ †m‡›Uavwgqvi m„wó K‡i| 22. †gUvKvB‡bwmm ej‡Z Kx eySvq? DËit- †Kvl wefvR‡bi †gUv‡dR `kvq w ̄úÛj h‡š¿i welyexq A‡j †μv‡gv‡mv‡gi web ̈ ̄Í nIqv‡K †gUvKvB‡bwmm e‡j| ‡gUv‡dR ch©v‡qi cÖ_‡gB mg ̄Í †μv‡gv‡mvg w ̄úÛj h‡š¿i welyexq A‡j G‡m Ae ̄’vb K‡i| w ̄úÛj h‡š¿i `y'‡giæ‡Z ga ̈eZ©x ̄’vb‡K welyexq ev wbi¶xq AÂj e‡j| †gUvKvB‡bwm‡mi mgqB †μvgvwUW ̧‡jv me‡P‡q †ewk ‡gvUv, Lv‡Uv I ̄úó †`Lv hvq| 23. A ̈vbv‡dR‡K MwZ ch©vq †Kb ejv nq? DËit- A ̈vbv‡dR‡K MwZ ch©vq ejv nq KviY- G ch©v‡q AcZ ̈ †μv‡gv‡mvgmg~n welyexq AÂj †_‡K †giægyLx Pj‡Z ïiæ K‡i| †m‡›Uavwgqv‡ii c~Y© wefw3i d‡j cÖwZwU †μvgvwUW GKwU K‡i AcZ ̈ †μv‡gv‡mv‡g cwibZ nq Ges cÖwZwU ‡μv‡gv‡Rvg AcZ ̈ G‡`i wbKU ̄’ †giæi w`‡K avweZ nq | AcZ ̈ †μv‡gv‡mv‡gi †giægyLx Pj‡b †m‡›Uavwgqvi AMÖMvgx I evûØq AbyMvgx _v‡K| 24. gv‡qvwmm †Kb nq? ‡h †Kvl wefvRb cÖwμqvq gvZ„‡Kvl †_‡K PviwU AcZ ̈ †Kvl m„wó nq Ges bZyb m„ó †Kv‡li †μv‡gv‡mvg msL ̈v gvZ„‡Kv‡li '‡μv‡gv‡mvg 'msL ̈vi A‡a©K n‡q hvq ZvB gv‡qvwmm| cÖRvwZi †μv‡gv‡mvg msL ̈v aaæe I ˆewkó ̈ esk ci¤úivq wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb ̈ I Rxe‡bi avivevwnKZv i¶Y Kivi Rb ̈ gv‡qvwmm nq| gv‡qvwmm bv n‡j RxeRMZ aŸsm n‡q †hZ| 25. gv‡qvwmm Kxfv‡e Rx‡ei †μv‡gv‡Rvg msL ̈v aaæe iv‡L? DËit- gv‡qvwmm Rx‡ei †μv‡gv‡mvg msL ̈v aaæe iv‡L| G‡Z wbDwK¬qvm ci ci `y'evi I †μv‡gv‡mvg gvÎ GKevi wefvwRZ n‡q gvZ„‡Kv‡li '‡μv‡gv‡mv‡gi A‡a©KmsL ̈K †μv‡gv‡mvghy3 PviwU AcZ ̈ †Kvl m„wó K‡i|cÖwZwU AcZ ̈ †Kv‡l gvZ„‡Kv‡li †μv‡gv‡mvg msL ̈vi A‡a©K †μv‡gv‡mvg _v‡K| `ywU Rbb‡Kvl GKmv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q RvB‡MvU ˆZix K‡i, Rbb‡Kvl ̧‡jv‡Z †μv‡gv‡mvg msL ̈v navm †c‡q Rbb gvZ„‡Kv‡li A‡a©K bv n‡j Zv‡`i †hŠb wgj‡bi d‡j m„ó Rx‡e †μv‡gv‡mvg msL ̈v wØ ̧b n‡q †hZ| hv cwi‡e‡ki Rb ̈ ûgwK ̄^iƒc| 26. Rxe‡`n‡Kv‡l wgIwmm bv nIqvi Kvib Kx? DËit- wgIwm‡m AcZ ̈ †Kv‡l †μv‡gv‡Rvg msL ̈v gvZ„‡Kv‡li A‡a©K _v‡K| Rxe‡`n †Kvl gvB‡Uvwmm wefvR‡bi gva ̈‡g GKwU †_‡K `ywU| `ywU †_‡K PviwU Gfv‡e †`n MVb m¤úbœ K‡i †KvwU †KvwU †Kv‡li gva ̈‡g| wgIwmm †`n‡Kv‡l n‡j cÖwZwU †Kv‡l †μv‡gv‡Rv‡gi mgZv eRvq _vK‡Zv bv| †μv‡gv‡Rvg navm †c‡Z †c‡Z wejyß nIqvi c‡_ GwM‡q †hZ| ZvB †`n †Kv‡l nq bv| 27. wgIwmm‡K navmg~jK wefvRb †Kb ejv nq? DËit- gv‡qvwmm †Kvl wefvRb cÖwμqvq GKwU cÖK...Z gvZ„‡Kvl †_‡K PviwU AcZ ̈ †Kvl m„wó nq| G cÖwμqvq †Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvm `y evi Ges †μv‡gv‡mvg GKevi wefvwRZ nq| d‡j AcZ ̈ †Kv‡li †μv‡gv‡mvg msL ̈v gvZ„‡Kv‡li †μv‡gv‡mvg msL ̈vi A‡a©K nq| †μv‡gv‡mvg msL ̈v A‡a©K navm cvq e‡j G wefvRb‡K navmg~jK wefvRb e‡j| 28. †Kv‡li GKwU †_‡K PviwU‡Z cwibZ nIqv mg‡K© aviYv `vI? DËit- wg‡qvwmm cÖwμqvi gva ̈‡g†Kvl GKwU †_‡K PviwU‡Z cwiYZ nq| G †Kvl wefvRb wbDwK¬qvm ci ci `y' evi I †μv‡gv‡mvg GKevi wefvwRZ nIqvi gva ̈‡g †μv‡gv‡mvg msLv aaæe iv‡L| GwU g~jZ `yB av‡c nq| wgIwmm 1 Ges wg‡qvwmm-2| wg‡qvwmm me©`v Rbb gvZ„‡Kv‡l nq 'KLbI ˆ`wnK †Kv‡l nq bv| wb¤œ‡kabxi n ̈vcø‡qW Rx‡e wg‡qvwmm nq| wb‡l‡Ki ci RvB‡Mv‡U Avi D”P ‡kÖYxi wWcø‡qW Rx‡e gv‡qvwmm nq wb‡l‡Ki c~‡e© Rbb gvZ...‡Kv‡l| 29. cÖvšÍxqKib ej‡Z Kx eyS? DËit- †cÖv‡dR-1 Gi wW‡cøvwUb ch©v‡q KvqvRgvi cÖv‡šÍi w`‡K m‡i hvIqv‡K e‡j cÖvšÍxqKib| wW‡cøvwU‡b evBf ̈v‡j›U †μv‡gv‡mv‡gi g‡a ̈ weKl©Y ïiæ n‡j Giv wecixZ w`‡K m‡i †h‡Z †Póv K‡i wKš‘ KvqvRgvUvi ̄’v‡b evav cvq d‡j KvqRgv `ywUi ga ̈eZ©x ̄’v‡b jy‡ci m„wó nq| KvqvRgUv ̧‡jv ̄úó nq Ges μ‡g μ‡g cÖv‡šÍi w`‡K m‡i Av‡m| 30. gv‡qvwmm †Kv_vq nq? DËit- gv‡qvwmm me©`v Rbb gvZ„‡Kv‡l nq KL‡bv ˆ`wnK †Kv‡l nq bv Ges me©`vB 2n msL ̈K †μv‡gv‡mvg "wewkó †Kv‡l nq| wb¤œ †kabxi n ̈vcø‡qW Rx‡e gv‡qvwmm nq wb‡l‡Ki c‡i RvB‡Mv‡U| Avi D”P †kÖYxi wcø‡qW Rx‡e wg‡qvwmm nq wb‡l‡KiI c~‡e© Rbb gvZ...‡Kvl n‡Z M ̈vwgU m„wóKv‡j| wWcø‡qW Rx‡e ïμvby gvZ...‡Kvl †_‡K ïμvby Drcbœ Ges wW¤^vby gvZ‡Kvl †Z‡K wW¤^vby Drc‡bœi mgq mcy®úK DwTM¢‡` gvB‡μv‡ ̄úvi I †gMv‡ ̄úvi MV‡bi mgq| 31. KvqvRgv Kj‡Z Kx eySvq? DËit- `ywU bb wm÷vi †μv‡gvwU‡Wi`X’ AvK...wZi ev μm wP‡ýi g‡Zv †Rvov ̄’j‡K GKeP‡b KvqvRgv Ges eûeP‡b KvqvRgvUv e‡j|