Title Body Fluids and Circulation.pdf ✅

• Neutrophils (60-65%) of the total WBCs are phogocytic in nature. • Basophils (0.5-1 %), secretes histamine, serotonin and heparin and also involved in inflammatory reactions. • Eosinophils (2-3 %) resist infection and also associated with allergic reaction. • Lymphocytes (T cells and B cells) constitute 20-25 percent and involved in the immune response of the body. • Monocytes (10-15%), becomes macrophages. Thrombocytes : • Also known as blood platelets. • Produced from fragmentation of megakaryocytes. • Blood normally contain 1, 500, 00 – 3, 500, 00 platelets mm-3. • Involved in releasing thromboplastin required to initiate blood coagulation. BLOOD GROUPS : • Two blood grouping mechanisms ABO and Rh system. ABO grouping : • ABO grouping is based on the presence or absence of two surface antigens on the RBCs namely A and B. • Plasma of different individuals contains two natural antibodies, anti ‘A’ and ‘B’. • In a mismatched transfusion the antigen of the donor reacts with antibody of the recipient to cause a reaction calledclumping of agglutination. • Person with blood group ‘O’ has no antigen hence can donate blood anybody, called universal donor. • Person with blood group ‘AB’ has no antibody in his plasma hence can receive blood from anybody, called universal recipient. Rh grouping : • Another antigen, the Rh antigen similar to one present in Rhesus monkeys (hence Rh), is also observed on the surface of RBCs on majority (nearly 80 %). • Person with Rh antigen is said to be Rh positive (Rh+). • Person without Rh antigen is said to be Rh negative (Rh-). • Person with Rh- blood transfused with Rh+ blood, forms anti Rh antibody and destroy the Rh+ RBCs. • A special case of Rh incompatibility (mismatching) has been observed between the Rh- bloods of pregnant mother with the Rh+ blood of the foetus. • During parturition the Rh+ foetal blood mixed with the Rh- maternal blood, hence anti Rh antibody formed in mothers blood. • In successive pregnancy the anti Rh antibody from mother’s blood leaks into the foetal blood and destroy the Rh+ RBCs. 94 Free Downlod This