Title ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ THI HSG ANH 12 HẢI PHÒNG BẢNG B 2021-2022.docx ✅

1 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO HẢI PHÒNG ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC (Đề thi có 12 trang, gồm 02 phần: tự luận và trắc nghiệm) KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI THÀNH PHỐ LỚP 12 BẢNG B NĂM HỌC 2021 - 2022 ĐỀ THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề) Ngày thi: 18/01/2022 PART A: LISTENING 1. You will hear two urban planning students called Carla and Rob discussing their presentation on cities built by the sea. For questions 1-5, choose the best answer (A, B or C). You will listen TWICE. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (5 pts) CITIES BUILT BY THE SEA 1. Carla and Rob were surprised to learn that coastal cities ___________. A. contain nearly half the world's population B. include most of the world's largest cities C. are growing twice as fast as other cities 2. According to Rob, building coastal cities near to rivers ___________. A. may bring pollution to the cities B. may reduce the land available for agriculture C. may mean the countryside is spoiled by industry 3. What mistake was made when building water drainage channels in Miami in the 1950s? A. There were not enough for them. B. They were made of unsuitable materials. C. They did not allow for the effects of climate change. 4. What do Rob and Carla think that the authorities in Miami should do immediately? A. Take measures to restore ecosystems B. Pay for a new flood prevention system C. Stop disposing of waste materials into the ocean 5. What do they agree should be the priority for international action? A. Greater coordination of activities B. More sharing of information C. Agreement on shared policies TRANSCRIPT
2 TUTOR: OK, so what I’d like you to do now is to talk to your partner about your presentations on urban planning. You should have done most of the reading now, so I’d like you to share your ideas, and talk about the structure of your presentation and what you need to do next. CARLA: OK Rob. I’m glad we chose quite a specific topic – cities built next to the sea. It made it much easier to find relevant information. ROB: Yeah. And cities are growing so quickly – I mean, we know that more than half the world’s population lives in cities now. CARLA: Yeah, though that’s all cities, not just ones on the coast. But most of the biggest cities are actually built by the sea. I’d not realised that before. ROB: Nor me. And what’s more, a lot of them are built at places where rivers come out into the sea. But apparently this can be a problem. CARLA: Why? ROB: Well, as the city expands, agriculture and industry tend to spread further inland along the rivers, and so agriculture moves even further inland up the river. That’s not necessarily a problem, except it means more and more pollutants are discharged into the rivers. CARLA: So these are brought downstream to the cities? ROB: Right. Hmm. Did you read that article about Miami, on the east coast of the USA? CARLA: No. ROB: Well, apparently back in the 1950s they build channels to drain away the water in case of flooding. CARLA: Sounds sensible. ROB: Yeah, they spent quite a lot of money on them. But what they didn’t take into account was global warming. So they built the drainage channels too close to sea level, and now sea levels are rising, they’re more or less useless. If there’s a lot of rain, the water can’t run away, there’s nowhere for it to go. The whole design was faulty. CARLA: So what are the authorities doing about it now? ROB: I don’t know. I did read that they’re aiming to stop disposing of waste into the ocean over the next ten years. CARLA: But that won’t help with flood prevention now, will it? ROB: No. Really they just need to find the money for something to replace the drainage channels, in order to protect against flooding now. But in the long term they need to consider the whole ecosystem. CARLA: Right. Really, though, coastal cities can’t deal with their problems on their own, can they? I mean, they’ve got to start acting together at an international level instead of just doing their own thing.
3 ROB: Absolutely. The thing is, everyone knows what the problems are and environmentalists have a pretty good idea of what we should be doing about them, so they should be able to work together to some extent. But it’s going to be a long time before countries come to a decision on what principles they’re prepared to abide by. CARLA: Yes, if they ever do. II. You will hear Charlie Reid giving a talk about the Amazon rainforest. For questions 1-10, complete each of the sentences with ONE word or number. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (10 pts) What happens in the Amazon has a (1) _____massive____ impact on the planet as a whole. In the 10 years up to 2009, (2) _____1200____new species of plants and animals were discovered. The plants and animals are in danger because the Amazon's (3) _____ecosystems____ are at risk. The region is using its vital resources to place itself in the (4) _____global____ market. The (5) _____cost____ of allowing even a small percentage of the carbon to escape would be (6) ____devastating_____ Rapid (7) ____development_____, thanks to plans put forward by the government, has resulted in forest clearances. The demand for livestock means farming offers substantial financial (8) ____rewards_____ Activities to obtain (9) _____minerals____ and other natural resources are also problematic. To safeguard the water requirements of farming, the forest (10) ____cover_____ needs to be protected. TRANSCRIPT Hi, my name's Charlie Reid and I'm going to talk to you today about the Amazon rainforest and what it means to each and every one of us. Now, you might be thinking, 'The Amazon? That's miles away, how does that have anything to do with me?' Well, let me tell you that what goes on there has a (1) massive impact everywhere around the globe and we should all be paying much closer attention to the effect of what is happening to it. The Amazon is a vast biome that contains the largest remaining tropical rainforest in the world, home to at least 10% of the known species on Earth, some of which are endemic to the area. In the decade between 1999 and 2009 alone, (2) 1200 new species of plants and animals were identified. This variety of flora and fauna depend on the (3) ecosystems that exist amongst the forests of the Amazon and they are under threat just as all the forests around the planet. The threat comes, in essence, from globalisation and its resulting effect on the exploitation of resources. In the Amazon, these resources are proving vital in the establishment of the region in the (4) global market, but
4 at what cost? In a word, that (5) cost is deforestation, which is very bad news. The Amazon contains between 90 and 140 billion metric tons of carbon. The exploitation of the area over the last 50 years has already led to a loss of at least 17% of the forest. Now as most of you know, we have a severe problem at the moment with CO2 levels causing climate change and the release of even a small fraction of the carbon in the Amazon through deforestation could have (6) devastating consequences planetwide. Added to that is the loss of photosynthesis, or the conversion of existing CO2 into oxygen, that would have been carried out by these trees. The reasons behind current levels of deforestation are wideranging. A number of government initiatives in the region have been promoting rapid (7) development, which has led to hasty action whereby vast areas of forest have been cleared for building material and to create land for pasture or crops. These actions have been carried out in order to facilitate foreign investment in the area. However, there is a lack of sustainable development and resource protection which is a direct result of an absence of proper frameworks which need to be in place to implement such procedures. Coupled with an inability of regional institutions to impose existing regulations to protect the area, the results have been quite destructive. There is also a high level of poverty experienced by the peoples who inhabit the Amazon which has only exacerbated the issue. The financial (8) rewards of raising cattle on the land, due to the international demand for their products, has led to many locals increasing their farmland at the expense of the forest. People have to make ends meet, which is understandable, but it must be done in a sustainable manner. In addition to the expanding farmland, new infrastructure such as roads, buildings and irrigation measures have left their mark and operations to extract (9) minerals and other resources from the land have contributed to the situation we find ourselves in today. The effects cannot be overstated. Already we have seen a loss of biodiversity and some species are threatened with extinction. Habitats have been eroded and a number of species are in terminal decline. The loss of forest (10) cover has also had a negative impact on the water cycle of the region. Vapour from the rainforest spreads over a great distance and is relied upon by agriculture in other parts of the surrounding area. The loss of this rainforest vapour could result in drought and have major environmental ramifications. The knock-on effect of all this is that the people of the Amazon are suffering due to a reduction in natural resources. Approximately 350 different ethnic groups call the area their home and they are struggling to cope with the damage that is being done. So, what can we do about all this? Well, firstly ... PART B: GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY