Title ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ DUYÊN HẢI BẮC GIANG LỚP 11 2024.Image.Marked.pdf ✅

1 TỈNH BẮC GIANG TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN BẮC GIANG (Đề thi đề xuất) KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ LẦN THỨ XVI, NĂM 2024 ĐỀ THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH - LỚP 11 Thời gian: 180 phút (Đề thi gồm có 20 trang, gồm .....câu) Ngày thi: 16/7/2024 SECTION 1: LISTENING (50 points) Part 1. You will hear part of a radio discussion about iris recognition system. Decide whether following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG). (10 pts) 1. To treat a variety of ailments, the biohackers have officially used poo of other people as medicine. F 2. The immune system is an organ whose components can move around your body. T 3. Our body automatically sends clear signals for us to improve our immune systems. NG 4. There are certain pills that can restore and boost our immune response for us to stay healthy. F 5. Vaccination allows us to effectively and safely manipulate our immune responses. T TRANSCRIPT COVID-19 has encouraged many of us to look at how we might optimise our immune responses through supplements or superfoods. But is it even possible to alter how the body responds to disease through an immune-boosting pill or by eating blueberries? And what about the people who take it even further? The biohack is experimenting with procedures such as fecal transplants, basically taking someone else's poo as a medicine in an attempt to cure a range of ills, dangerous experimentation, or smart science. The immune system is part of an interconnected system running all the way through our body, involving all our tissues from our skin all the way through to our toes. In fact, the gut has one of the largest resident populations of immune cells in our body. Most of the body's immune cells are found in the lining of the intestine, and the microbes in our gut play a crucial role in keeping those immune cells of our body healthy. They do that by providing key chemical signals that they get once they digest the good foods that we eat. So a healthy gut microbiome is absolutely crucial to a healthy immune system. The immune system is considered to be an organ. But unlike every other organ in your body, it's one where components of the system can migrate around the body. You don't expect that with cells from your lungs or your spleen or any other solid organ, so the beauty of the immune system is it has a property of immunosyveillance. Immunological surveillance is when the cells of the immune system come together to coordinate a response to an external threat such as disease. For example, your lymph nodes, the glands that swell up when you are sick, are a sign of your immune system at work.
2 We often hear messages encouraging us to boost our immune system. So could we just take a pill to do that? When you do meet an infectious threat, our immune response has to react quickly to contain the threat and eradicate it. You don't want it to stay on because if it stays on, it's damaging. That is what happens in allergy and autoimmune disease, which are overreactivity of the immune response. So there is no wonder pill that's going to restore and boost one part of the immune response to help us be super powered because it's also interconnected and the risks of getting it wrong are really quite dramatic. So instead of boosting our immune system, we should focus on supporting it. Everything that we know already, which is good for our health, will also benefit our immune system. More exercise, taking regular intervals, has been shown to boost your immune function. That's been shown and that's published data. Unfortunately, the modern lifestyle is not very good for our immune system. Our diets of convenience, foods and fatty foods that are low in fiber alongside sedentary lifestyles with little exercise, high stress and not too much sleep, too much screen time. All of these combined make our immune response not work as it should. Getting enough sleep and reducing stress can help our immune system operate at an optimal level. And even though one blueberry won't work miracles, getting a variety of the right foods is very important. To help your immunity, you need to be feeding up your gut microbes. The best way to do this is to make them more diverse, give them more species. I recommend 30 different types of plant a week, which gives you all the fiber you should need. Secondly, you should pick plants to eat that are high in polyphenols. These are the chemicals that are naturally found in plants and are actually rocket fuel for your gut microbes. So things like brightly colored berries, strong flavors like coffee beans, dark chocolate, and even red wine contain polyphenols. So if what you eat and your gut is so important for your immune system, why are some people transplanting other people's poo into their own stomachs? The fecal microbial transplant, or colloquially a poo transplant, is taking a sample of a stool from a normal person and putting it into someone who is unwell. This has been done for several decades for very bad infections of the bowel, like Clostridium difficile. It cures 90% of people. It has since started to be used in a number of other conditions. This is a fascinating area of research, but definitely not to be tried at home, says Tim. I think this is an exciting new form of therapy, but it's always best to do this within the confines of a medical clinic where things can be supervised and the risk of side effects or infection is extremely low. There are some people who take risks and do do it at home, and those risks will be multiplied considerably. There's a lot of hype about fecal transplants and you mustn't believe people who say that it works in everything, in everybody. It certainly doesn't. There are many failures in medical trials. One of the ways we can effectively and safely manipulate our immune responses is through vaccination. What a vaccine is doing is essentially giving you the parts of the germ that will stimulate the immune response without actually giving the full-blown infection. Another thing that we can do is actually try to switch the immune response off. For some diseases, we don't want a powerful immune response because that's what's