Title 13. HEALTH SCREENING SERVICES.pdf ✅

PHARMD GURU Page 1 INTRODUCTION:  Health Screening is a process to Look for / Identify the unrecognized disease, which are not identified properly with symptoms and to identify the diseases which have no symptoms.  Screening is described as the use of rapid tests or examinations to presumptively identify people with unrecognized disease so that prompt treatments can be made to stop the disease from progressing.  Early screening can lead to early treatment. Such as intense hyperglycemia and hypertension control, and hence a better illness prognosis.  Health screening services are defined as services provided by healthcare professionals to the general public and patients;  For example, blood glucose measurement using a glucometer, blood pressure measurement with a sphygmomanometer, and so on. SCOPE OF HEALTH SCREENING SERVICES: 1. A person has knowledge of health screening he can work in hospital. 2. He can work in pathology laboratory. 3. He can work in hospital and community pharmacy. 4. He can run his own laboratory. 5. Many of companies providing door to door health screening services he can join these companies. 6. He can provide services in disaster management. 7. He can provide his services in Pandemic condition. IMPORTANCE OF VARIOUS HEALTH SCREENING SERVICES:  It helps in identification of exact problem in early stage.  It reduces the mortality rate.  It reduces the severity of disease.  It increases the effectiveness of treatment.  It reduces the cost of treatment.  It Provides peace of mind.  It prevents the occurrence of high risk disease. HEALTH SCREENING SERVICES
PHARMD GURU Page 2  It saves the time of patient.  With the help of early screening chronic condition can be avoided.  Adverse effects also are avoided in case of referral of undiagnosed cases in early stage. HEALTH SCREENING SERVICES - FOR ROUTINE MONITORING OF PATIENTS:  Health screening services are an important aspect of routine monitoring of patients.  These services can help healthcare providers identify potential health problems at an early stage, when they are more treatable and less likely to cause serious complications. Some examples of health screening services that can be used for routine monitoring of patients include: 1) Blood Pressure Screening: Regular blood pressure checks can help identify individuals with high blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and other health problems. Early detection of high blood pressure can help individuals receive appropriate treatment and make necessary lifestyle changes to reduce their risk of developing serious health problems. 2) Cholesterol Testing: Regular cholesterol testing can help individuals identify their risk of developing heart disease and make necessary lifestyle changes to reduce their risk. This is especially important for individuals with a family history of heart disease or who have other risk factors. 3) Blood Glucose Monitoring: Regular blood glucose monitoring is important for individuals with diabetes to monitor their glucose levels and adjust their treatment as needed. This can help prevent complications associated with uncontrolled blood sugar levels, such as nerve damage, kidney damage, and eye damage. 4) Body Mass Index (BMI) Screening: BMI screening can help individuals identify if they are at a healthy weight or if they are at risk of developing obesity- related health problems. This can help individuals make necessary lifestyle changes to improve their health and reduce their risk of developing chronic diseases.
PHARMD GURU Page 3 5) Immunizations: Immunizations are an important aspect of preventive health and can help protect individuals from infectious diseases such as influenza, pneumonia, and shingles. MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE: A person is considered as hypertensive when on two or more consecutive measurements if diastolic blood pressure is more than 90 mmHg and the systolic blood pressure is more than 140 mmHg. Poor control of blood pressure may cause target organ damage like cardiac, cerebro-vascular, renal, and ocular and may become a cause for death. Fig. 6.1 Procedure for Measuring Blood Pressure
PHARMD GURU Page 4 1) Pharmacists as a part of health care system, taking initiatives to measure the blood pressure of the people with risk will have the following advantages:  New hypertensive patients can be detected.  Can help patients to monitor their blood pressure and observe the usefulness of medications.  Motivate the patients to improve medication adherence behavior.  Can prevent hypertensive consequences.  Can minimize the work load of general practitioner. 2) Generally an individual who is above 18 years of age can have his or her blood pressure measured. Only qualified and well trained persons are advised to measure the blood pressure. 3) Blood pressure is measured to detect or to diagnose hypertension. The instrument used to record blood pressure is Sphygmomanometer. 4) Following techniques are practiced for accurate measurement of blood pressure using sphygmomanometer:  Patients should be seated quietly for at least 5 minutes in a chair (rather than on the exam table) with their backs supported and their arms bared and supported at their heart level.  Patients should be refrained from smoking or ingesting caffeine during the 30 minutes preceding the measurement.  Correct measurement of blood pressure requires the use of a cuff that is appropriate to the size of the upper right arm.  The bell of the stethoscope should be lightly placed over the brachial artery pulse, proximal and medial to the cubital fossa, and below the bottom edge of the cuff (i.e., about 2 cm above the cubital fossa).  The cuff should be inflated to 30 mmHg above palpated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and deflated at a rate of 2 to 3 mmHg/second. Both SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) should be recorded. The first appearance of sound (phase 1) is used to define SBP. The disappearance of sound (phase 5) is used to define DBP in adults.  Two or more readings separated by 2 minutes should be averaged. If the first two readings differ by more than 5 mmHg, additional readings should be obtained and averaged.