Title CONTEMPORARY WORLD.pdf ✅

DO NOT REPRODUCE. CONTROLLED COPY. established; period of chivalry or knighthood 4. Crusades – series of military expeditions by Christians against Muslims to take back Holy Land III. Modern Period A. Renaissance period – revival of Greek classics. Man’s confidence in his of life Humanism was revived. B. Age of Revolution 1. Intellectual Revolution – ideas of Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, Voltaire and Montesquin and Rousseau influenced thinking 2. Scientific Revolution – changes in scientific views ang age of inventions 3. Industrial Revolution – name given by Arnold Toynbee to describe the changes in economic life of England caused by remarkable series of inventions during the period of 1777 –1815. Main feature of this period is the replacement of hand labor with machine labor. 4. Commercial Revolution – brought about by colonial expansions Imperialism – rule of powerful countries over weaker countries 5. Reformation – period of change in Western Christendom. Reform certain beliefs in the Roman Catholic. 6. Political Revolution - the spread of liberal ideas led to revolution aimed at changing government. C. Global Wars 1. World War I (1914–1918) ▪ Caused by the assassination of the archduke Ferdinand of Austria on June 28, 1914 at Saravejo by a Serbian nationalist. ▪ Due to alliance form among European powers (Triplet Intente: England, France and Russia and triple Alliance; Germany, Austria and Turkey) the war in Balkans spread to other parts of Europe and respective colonies. ▪ USA entered the war in 1917 on the side of the Allied power after the British commercial ship Lusitanica was sunk by German Torpedos where several American lives were lost. ▪ By 1918 Germany sued for peace and settlement followed. About 11 million died and the horror of the war was clear to many. 2. World War II (1935 – 1945) ▪ This was a war of ideology; between totalitarism (Hitler’s Nazism; Mussolini’s Fascism; and Japan’s totalitarism) and democracy.