Title UT1 Textbook.pdf ✅

TRAINING ACADEMY Ultrasonic Testing Level 1 General Engineering COMPLIANT WITH AINDT (AS ISO 9712) & ISO 16809 Version: 5 November 202130 October 2021

TRAINING ACADEMY CHAPTER 1 UT1 Textbook (30 Oct 21) © ALS Training Academy 2015 Page 3 of 106 Chapter 1: Introduction to Ultrasonic Testing Ultrasonic Testing (UT) uses high frequency sound energy to conduct examinations and make measurements. Ultrasonic inspection can be used for flaw detection/evaluation, dimensional measurements, material characterization, and more. Ultrasonic refers to the fact that the sound waves used are beyond the audible range of human hearing. The human ear can detect sounds up to about 20 KHz (20,000 vibrations per second). Ultrasonic testing typically uses frequencies beyond 100 KHz (100,000 vibrations per second) up to 25MHz (25,000,000 vibrations per second) although specialist techniques use low frequency ultrasound just above 20 KHz. Figure 01-1: Human hearing frequency range A typical UT inspection system consists of several functional units, such as the pulser/receiver, transducer, and a display screen. The pulser/receiver is an electronic device that can produce high voltage electrical pulses. Driven by the pulser, the transducer generates high frequency ultrasonic energy. The sound energy is introduced and propagates through the materials in the form of waves. When there is a disruption to the wave path, part of the energy will be reflected back from the surface. The reflected wave signal is transformed into an electrical signal by the transducer and is displayed on