Title CAMBRIDGE IELTS 12 KEM GIAI THICH.pdf ✅

WRITTEN BY NGOCBACH (ĐỂ ĐẢM BẢO NỘI DUNG SÁCH CHẤT LƯỢNG, CẬP NHẬT NHẤT -> CÁC BẠN CHỈ NÊN MUA TỪ NGOCBACH.COM) Page 1 CAMBRIDGE 12 – READING Contents A – TEST 1 ................................................................................................................................. 2 1. Passage 1 – Test 1 – Cambridge 12.......................................................................................... 2 2. Passage 2 – Test 1 – Cambridge 12.........................................................................................11 3. Passage 3 – Test 1 – Cambridge 12.........................................................................................21 B – TEST 2 ................................................................................................................................32 1. Passage 1 – Test 2 – Cambridge 12.........................................................................................32 2. Passage 2 – Test 2 – Cambridge 12.........................................................................................45 3. Passage 3 – Test 2 – Cambridge 12.........................................................................................55 C – TEST 3 ................................................................................................................................67 1. Passage 1 – Test 3 – Cambridge 12.........................................................................................67 2. Passage 2 – Test 3 – Cambridge 12.........................................................................................77 3. Passage 3 – Test 3 – Cambridge 12.........................................................................................87 D – TEST 4 ..............................................................................................................................100 1. Passage 1 – Test 4 – Cambridge 12.......................................................................................100 2. Passage 2 – Test 4 – Cambridge 12.......................................................................................108 3. Passage 3 – Test 4 – Cambridge 12.......................................................................................120
WRITTEN BY NGOCBACH (ĐỂ ĐẢM BẢO NỘI DUNG SÁCH CHẤT LƯỢNG, CẬP NHẬT NHẤT -> CÁC BẠN CHỈ NÊN MUA TỪ NGOCBACH.COM) Page 2 A – TEST 1 1. Passage 1 – Test 1 – Cambridge 12 Cork 1. Cork - the thick bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber) - is a remarkable material. It is tough, elastic, buoyant, and fire-resistant, and suitable for a wide range of purposes. It has also been used for millennia: the ancient Egyptians sealed their sarcophagi (stone coffins) with cork, while the ancient Greeks and Romans used it for anything from beehives to sandals. 2. And the cork oak itself is an extraordinary tree. Its bark grows up to 20 cm in thickness, insulating the tree like a coat wrapped around the trunk and branches and keeping the inside at a constant 20°C all year round. Developed most probably as a defence against forest fires, the bark of the cork oak has a particular cellular structure - with about 40 million cells per cubic centimetre - that technology has never succeeded in replicating. The cells are filled with air, which is why cork is so buoyant. It also has an elasticity that means you can squash it and watch it spring back to its original size and shape when you release the pressure. 3. Cork oaks grow in a number of Mediterranean countries, including Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and Morocco. They flourish in warm, sunny climates where there is a minimum of 400 millimetres of rain per year, and no more than 800 millimetres. Like grape vines, the trees thrive in poor soil, putting down deep roots in search of moisture and nutrients. Southern Portugal’s Alentejo region meets all of these requirements, which explains why, by the early 20th century, this region had become the world’s largest producer of cork, and why today it accounts for roughly half of all cork production around the world. 4. Most cork forests are family-owned. Many of these family businesses, and indeed many of the trees themselves, are around 200 years old. Cork production is, above all, an exercise in patience. From the planting of a cork sapling to the first harvest takes 25 years, and a gap of approximately a decade must separate harvests from an individual tree. And for top-quality cork, it’s necessary to wait a further 15 or 20 years. You even have to wait for the right kind of summer’s day to harvest cork. If the bark is stripped on a day when it’s too cold - or when the air is damp - the tree will be damaged. 5. Cork harvesting is a very specialised profession. No mechanical means of stripping cork bark has been invented, so the job is done by teams of highly skilled workers. First, they make vertical cuts down the bark using small sharp axes, then lever it away in pieces as large as they can manage. The most skilful cork- strippers prise away a semi-circular husk that runs the length of the trunk from just above ground level to the first branches. It is then dried on the ground for about four months, before being taken to factories, where it is boiled to kill any insects that might remain in the cork. Over 60% of cork then goes on to be made into traditional bottle stoppers, with most of the remainder being used in the construction trade, Corkboard and cork
WRITTEN BY NGOCBACH (ĐỂ ĐẢM BẢO NỘI DUNG SÁCH CHẤT LƯỢNG, CẬP NHẬT NHẤT -> CÁC BẠN CHỈ NÊN MUA TỪ NGOCBACH.COM) Page 3 tiles are ideal for thermal and acoustic insulation, while granules of cork are used in the manufacture of concrete. 6. Recent years have seen the end of the virtual monopoly of cork as the material for bottle stoppers, due to concerns about the effect it may have on the contents of the bottle. This is caused by a chemical compound called 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), which forms through the interaction of plant phenols, chlorine and mould. The tiniest concentrations - as little as three or four parts to a trillion - can spoil the taste of the product contained in the bottle. The result has been a gradual yet steady move first towards plastic stoppers and, more recently, to aluminium screw caps. These substitutes are cheaper to manufacture and, in the case of screw caps, more convenient for the user. 7. The classic cork stopper does have several advantages, however. Firstly, its traditional image is more in keeping with that of the type of high quality goods with which it has long been associated. Secondly - and very importantly - cork is a sustainable product that can be recycled without difficulty. Moreover, cork forests are a resource which support local biodiversity , and prevent desertification in the regions where they are planted. So, given the current concerns about environmental issues, the future of this ancient material once again looks promising. Questions 1-5 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this. 1. The cork oak has the thickest bark of any living tree. Key words: thickest bark In paragraph 1 and paragraph 2, the author mentioned the thick bark of the cork oak tree as “a remarkable material” and “its bark grows up to 20 cm in thickness”. This information does not mean that it is “the thickest bark of any living tree”. In addition, in True/ False/ Not given tasks, the questions follow the order of the text, so if you are not sure about your answer, you can find the answer to question 2. It is in the second sentence of paragraph 2. Therefore, you just need to pay attention to the previous parts. There is no statement showing any comparison between the cork oak’s bark with that of other living trees. We have no information about this statement.  Answer: NOT GIVEN Dịch đại ý 1. Cây sồi vỏ xùi có lớp vỏ dày nhất trong số các loại thực vật sống.
WRITTEN BY NGOCBACH (ĐỂ ĐẢM BẢO NỘI DUNG SÁCH CHẤT LƯỢNG, CẬP NHẬT NHẤT -> CÁC BẠN CHỈ NÊN MUA TỪ NGOCBACH.COM) Page 4 Ở đoạn 1 và 2, tác giả nhắc tới cái vỏ dày của cây sồi vỏ xùi là “một vật liệu đặc biệt” và “vỏ của nó có thể dày tới 20cm”. Thông tin này không có nghĩa là “loại vỏ dày nhất trong số các thực vật sống” Ngoài ra, trong phần True/ False/ Not given, các câu hỏi được đưa ra theo thứ tự bài đọc, nên nếu bạn không chắc chắn với câu trả lời của mình, bạn có thể tìm câu trả lời của câu thứ 2 trước. Câu trả lời đó nằm ở câu thứ hai của đoạn 2.Như vậy, bạn chỉ cần tập trung chú ý vào phần bài đọc phía trước.Không có bất kì câu nào cho thấy sự so sánh giữa vỏ cây sồi vỏ xùi với các loại cây khác. Ta không có thông tin gì với khẳng định này.  Câu trả lời: Not given. 2. Scientists have developed a synthetic cork with the same cellular structure as natural cork. Key words: a synthetic cork, the same cellular structure, natural cork In paragraph 2, the writer mentioned the cellular structure of the bark of the coak oak “the bark of the cork oak has a particular cellular structure - with about 40 million cells per cubic centimetre - that technology has never succeeded in replicating”. The technology can refer to the scientists here. The fact that they “never succeeded in replicating” means that they have not been able to make a copy of the natural cork, with all of the same qualities. So the answer is False. • Develop with the same structure = replicate  Answer: FALSE Dịch đại ý 2. Các nhà khoa học đã phát triển một vỏ cây sồi tổng hợp có cùng cấu trúc tế bào với cây sồi tự nhiên. Trong đoạn 2, người viết nhắc tới cấu trúc tế bào ở vỏ cây sồi vỏ xùi “vỏ cây sồi vỏ xùi có một cấu trúc tế bào cụ thể - khoảng 40 triệu tế bào trên một centimet khối – điều mà công nghệ chưa bao giờ tái tạo được.” Công nghệ ở đây là liên quan tới các nhà khoa học.Sự thật là “họ chưa bao giờ thành công tronng việc tái tạo” có nghĩa là họ vẫn chưa thể tạo ra một bản sao của cây sồi tự nhiên, với tất cả tính chất tương tự.Câu trả lời là Sai.(False). • Phát triển với cùng cấu trúc = tái tạo. 3. Individual cork oak trees must be left for 25 years between the first and second harvest. Key words: individual, 25 years, the first and second harvest In paragraph 4, the author mentioned the harvesting of an individual cork oak tree. He/ she wrote “From the planting of a cork sapling to the first harvest takes 25 years, and a gap of approximately a decade must separate harvests from an individual tree”. Therefore, the period of 25 years is the period from the planting to the first harvest, while