Title Internal Security - English (Final).pdf ✅

Table of Content Page No. 1. An Introduction To Internal Security....................................................................................................................... 1-20 2. Terrorism....................................................................................................................................................................... 21-38 3. North-East Insurgencies............................................................................................................................................ 39-62 4. Organised Crime.......................................................................................................................................................... 63-79 5. Black Money................................................................................................................................................................. 80-99 6. Cyber Warfare............................................................................................................................................................ 100-112 7. Cyber Security............................................................................................................................................................. 113-130 8. Security Forces............................................................................................................................................................. 131-146
CHAPTER 01 AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNAL SECURITY The United Nations defines national security as a state's ability to protect and defend its citizens. In India, internal security challenges pose serious threats to the nation and its people. India has faced a wide range of internal security issues, unmatched in diversity and intensity by any other nation. Although these threats have reduced in recent years, they still exist and require urgent attention. It is crucial to analyze the current internal security challenges, understand their nature and intensity, and examine how they operate. Additionally, assessing the government's response through a clear framework is essential to address these issues e ectively. Categories of Security: ● Internal Security — Management of the security within the border of a country. Means maintenance of peace and law and order, and upholding the sovereignty of the country. Internal Security of India comes under the purview of the Ministry of Home A airs. Recent e orts include using AI and surveillance technologies to combat urban terrorism and curb organized crime. Additionally, there has been a significant focus on countering online radicalization. ● External Security — Management of security against aggression by a foreign country. External security is the sole domain of the Armed forces of the country. This comes under the ambit of the Ministry of Defence. Enhanced border security with the Comprehensive Border Management System (CBMS) and satellite-based surveillance has bolstered India's external defense capabilities. Definition of Internal Security: Internal Security can be defined as — ‘security against threats faced by a country within its national borders, either caused by internal political turmoil, or provoked by an enemy country, or perpetrated by such some enemy groups that cause insurgency, terrorism or any other subversive acts that target innocent citizens, cause animosity between and among groups of citizens and communities in that country’ To give examples to the above definition: ● An enemy country provoking — Pakistan’s role in assisting and maintaining the terrorist actions in India. ● Despite international pressure, Pakistan-based groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) continue to sponsor cross-border terrorism, especially targeting Jammu & Kashmir. ● Enemy Group causing insurgencies — The Maoist war in India, the militant groups active in the Northeastern states. ● Insurgencies in Northeastern states, including groups like NSCN (National Socialist Council of Nagaland), demand greater autonomy, with peace talks ongoing. A brief history of threats to the Internal Security of India: ● Partition Riots (1947): Following the partition of India and Pakistan, there were massive communal riots, resulting in significant loss of life and property, and creating deep-rooted communal tensions. ● Naxalite-Maoist Insurgency: Since the late 1960s, the Naxalite-Maoist insurgency has posed a significant internal security threat. This insurgency is primarily active in the central and eastern parts of India and involves armed insurgent groups fighting for land rights and other issues concerning the rural poor. ● Kashmir Conflict: Since the late 1980s, insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir has been a major security concern. Various militant groups have been active in the region, leading to numerous violent incidents, including attacks on civilians and security forces. ● 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots: Following the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi by her Sikh bodyguards, widespread anti-Sikh riots erupted in Delhi and other parts of India, resulting in thousands of deaths and extensive damage to property. ● 1993 Bombay Bombings: A series of bomb explosions occurred in Mumbai (then Bombay) on March 12, 1993, causing significant casualties and damage. These attacks were orchestrated by criminal gangs with alleged support from external elements. Lessons from these attacks led to the establishment of the National 1