Title FRB-ICT-Chapter-2-কমিউনিকেশন-সিস্টেম-ও-নেটওয়ার্কিং-02-04-2024-Solayman-Prof.pdf ✅

KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 1 KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s Communication System & Networking wØZxq Aa ̈vq Topicwise CQ Trend Analysis †evW© /mvj XvKv ivRkvnx Kzwgjøv h‡kvi PÆMÖvg ewikvj wm‡jU w`bvRcyi gqgbwmsn 2023 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2022 2021 K‡ivbv gnvgvwii Kvi‡Y GBPGmwm cixÿv AbywôZ nqwb| 2020 2019 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2018 mw¤§wjZ †evW© (2 †mU): 4 2017 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 *we.`a.: 2020 mv‡j GBPGmwm cixÿv AbywôZ nqwb| weMZ mv‡j †ev‡W© Avmv m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| K‡j‡Ri cÖkvmwbK feb, GKv‡WwgK feb, jvB‡eawi feb Ges Ab ̈vb ̈ Kv‡R e ̈eüZ feb ̧‡jv ̄^í `~i‡Z¡ Aew ̄ Z| eZ©gv‡b cÖwZwU fe‡bi Kw¤úDUvi ̧‡jv wbR ̄^ †bUIqvK© e ̈e ̄ vq cvi ̄úwiK Z_ ̈ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Aa ̈ÿ g‡nv`q GLb mKj Kw¤úDUvi‡K GKB †bUIqv‡K©i AvIZvq Avbvi cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡jb| [Xv. †ev. 23] (K) wc‡Kv‡bU Kx? (L) Ôe ̈enviKvix Ges mvwf©m cÖ`vbKvix DfqB jvfevb n‡q _v‡KbÕ|Ñ e ̈vL ̈v Ki| (M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ K‡j‡Ri GKv‡WwgK fe‡bi †bUIqvK© e ̈e ̄’v e ̈vL ̈v Ki| (N) Aa ̈ÿ g‡nv`‡qi cwiKíbv me‡P‡q Kg Li‡P ev ̄Íevq‡bi Rb ̈ †Kvb UavÝwgkb wgwWqv DËg? †hŠw3K e ̈vL ̈v Ki| mgvavb: (K) ̄^í `~i‡Z¡ Aew ̄ Z †Kv‡bv e ̈w3i e ̈eüZ e ̈w3MZ wWfvBm ̧‡jvi g‡a ̈ Z_ ̈ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb ̈ •Zwi †bUIqvK© ev Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) †K wc‡Kv‡bU e‡j| (L) Ôe ̈enviKvix Ges mvwf©m cÖ`vbKvix DfqB jvfevb n‡q _v‡KbÕÑ e3e ̈wU Øviv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi myweav‡K Bw1⁄2Z Kiv n‡”Q| mvaviYZ B›Uvi‡b‡U ev I‡q‡e mshy3 n‡q wKQz †Møvevj myweav †fvM Kivi †h c×wZ ZvB n‡”Q K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs GK we ̄§qKi myweav wb‡q G‡m‡Q| GKwU cÖwZôvb, ms ̄ v ev e ̈w3 GLb †h †Kvb mgq Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i nvW©Iq ̈vi, mdUIq ̈vi Z_v GKwU cøvUdg© mvew ̄...ck‡bi wfwˇZ fvov wb‡Z cv‡ib| LiP n«vm, iÿYv‡eÿY myweav, ̄^qswμq Avc‡WU BZ ̈vw` wb‡q K¬vDW GK bZzb w`M‡šÍi D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Q| Ges GKRb e ̈enviKvix Zvi mvwf©m cÖ`vbKvix‡K wVK ZZUzKzB cwi‡kva Ki‡e hZUzKz †m e ̈envi Ki‡e| d‡j e ̈enviKvix I mvwf©m cÖ`vbKvix DfqB jvfevb n‡e| (M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ K‡j‡Ri GKv‡WwgK fe‡bi †bUIqvK© e ̈e ̄ v n‡”Q †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ev LAN. mvaviYZ Aí `~i‡Z¡ ev 1km Gi g‡a ̈ †ek wKQz Kw¤úDUvi ev †cwi‡divj wWfvBm mshy3 K‡i †h †bUIqvK© ̄ vcb Kiv nq Zv‡K ejv nq LAN| GKvwaK e ̈w3i Kv‡Ri mgš^q mvab I MwZ e„w×i Rb ̈ GKB fe‡b, cvkvcvwk fe‡b wKsev K‡jR, wek¦we` ̈vjq K ̈v¤úv‡mi Kw¤úDUvi ̧‡jvi g‡a ̈ ms‡hvM ̄ vcb K‡i †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© •Zwi nq| mvaviYZ 100 wg ev mxwgZ `~i‡Z¡i g‡a ̈ G ai‡bi †bUIqvK© LyeB Kvh©Kix| †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqv‡K©i wKQz •ewkó ̈ wb‡¤œ ZvwjKv Kiv n‡jv : 1. G ai‡bi †bUIqvK© ̄ vcb I iÿYv‡eÿY c×wZ mnR I LiP Kg| 2. Gme †bUIqvK© D”PMwZi, mvaviY 10-100 Mbps MwZ cvIqv hvq| 3. Gi gva ̈‡g A‡bK wWfvBm A ̈vK‡mm cvIqv hvq| 4. G ai‡bi †bUIqv‡K© HAN, SAN, WLAN I CAN ̄ vcb Kiv mnR| (N) Aa ̈ÿ g‡nv`q Zvi mKj Kw¤úDUvi‡K GKB †bUIqv‡K©i AvIZvq Avbvi cwiKíbv K‡ib| †h‡nZz ÔKÕ K‡j‡Ri †ek wKQz feb i‡q‡Q †hgbÑ cÖkvmwbK feb, GKv‡WwgK feb, jvB‡eaix feb BZ ̈vw` d‡j Aa ̈‡ÿi Aek ̈B Ggb UavÝwgkb wgwWqvg †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z LiP Aí wKš‧ Kv‡Ri MwZ I djvdj fv‡jv nq| Aa ̈ÿ g‡nv`‡qi cwiKíbv Kg Li‡P ev ̄Íevqb Kivi me‡P‡q Av`k© wgwWqvg n‡”Q Zvi gva ̈g ev K ̈vej gva ̈g| mvaviYZ Zvi gva ̈g A‡bK D”P MwZ m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K| G gva ̈‡g D”P e ̈vÛDBW‡_i wd«Kz‡qwÝ cÖ`vb K‡i| G gva ̈‡g †WUv UavÝwgk‡b cÖvK...wZK †Kv‡bv evav †bB, GK Zvi †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ Ab ̈ Zv‡ii †bUIqvK© Gi ms‡hvM N‡U bv| weavq †WUv UavÝwgk‡b evav m„wó K‡i bv| ZvQvov G gva ̈‡g LiP Kg Ges wWfvBmmg~n mn‡R cvIqv hvq| Ab ̈w`‡K hw` Zviwenxb gva ̈‡g e ̈eüZ nq Z‡e MwZ A‡bK Kg cvIqv hv‡e| Gi e ̈vÛDBW_ wdKz‡qwÝI A‡bK `ye©j| Iqvij ̈vm wm‡÷‡gi wiwmfvi I UavÝwgUv‡ii g‡a ̈ †h †Kv‡bv cÖwZeÜKZv _vK‡jB Zv †WUv UavÝwgk‡b weNœ NUvq| GQvov cÖvK...wZK weiƒc cwi‡ek, evZv‡m _vKv wewfbœ
2  HSC ICT Chapter-2 Avqb Ges M ̈vmmg~nI Iq ̈vi‡jm †WUv UavÝwgk‡b euvavi m„wó K‡i| cÖavbZ G gva ̈g AZ ̈šÍ e ̈qeûj| Gi e ̈eüZ Iq ̈vi‡jm mvemμvBevi †÷kb, ivDUvi, GK‡mm c‡q›U I A ̈vWvÞvimg~n †ek `vgx Ges mswkøó wWfvBm ̧‡jv mnRcÖvc ̈ bq| AZGe, DcwiD3 Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, Zvi gva ̈g Aa ̈ÿ g‡nv`‡qi cwiKíbv ev ̄Íevq‡b me‡P‡q DËg UavÝwgkb wgwWqvg| 2| [Xv. †ev. 23] Kw¤úDUvi Kw¤úDUvi dvBj mvf©vi wcÖ›Uvi ̄.. ̈vbvi wPÎ-1 HUB wPÎ-2 (K) wW-gWz‡jkb Kx? (L) gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ †bUIqv‡K©i aib e ̈vL ̈v Ki| (M) DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-1 Gi †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR e ̈vL ̈v Ki| (N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wPÎ-1 Ges wPÎ-2 Gi U‡cvjwRi g‡a ̈ †KvbwU †ewk myweavRbK? Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw3 `vI| mgvavb: (K) †h c×wZi gva ̈‡g g~j gWz‡jwUs wmMb ̈vj Avjv`v Kiv nq, Zv‡K wWgWz‡jkb e‡j| A_©vr GKwU K ̈vwiqvi Zi1⁄2 †_‡K g~j Z_ ̈ enbKvix ms‡KZ‡K †ei K‡i AvbvB n‡”Q wWgWz‡jkb| (L) wewfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© wewfbœfv‡e †kÖwYweb ̈vm Kiv n‡q _v‡K| gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ †bUIqvK©‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v : 1. cÖvB‡fU †bUIqvK© : cÖvB‡fU †bUIqvK© mvaviYZ wbR ̄^ †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb ev ms ̄ vi gvwjKvbvaxb _v‡K| G †bUIqv‡K©i wbivcËv A‡bK gReyZ Ges UavwdK †bB ej‡jB P‡j| 2. cvewjK †bUIqvK© : cvewjK †bUIqvK© mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv e ̈w3 ev cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjKvbvaxb _v‡K bv| GwU †Kv‡bv ms ̄ v ev cÖwZôvb Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq| G‡ÿ‡Î †mevi cwie‡Z© g~j ̈ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq| (M) DÏxc‡K wPÎ-1 Gi †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU n‡”Q evm U‡cvjwR| GKwU gvÎ g~j K ̈vej Gi gva ̈‡g †h †bUIqv‡K© meKwU Kw¤úDUvi mshy3 _v‡K, Zv‡K evm U‡cvjwR e‡j| mvaviYZ evm †bUIqv‡K© mPivPi GKwU gvÎ K ̈vej †Kv‡bv cÖKvi B‡jKUawbK wWfvBm †hgb : wiwcUvi ev A ̈vgwcødvqvi Qvov e ̈eüZ nq hv‡Z GK Kw¤úDUv‡ii wmMb ̈vj Av‡iK Kw¤úDUv‡i mivmwi †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB GB U‡cvjwR‡K c ̈vwmf U‡cvjwR ejv nq| Gi g~j K ̈vej‡K e ̈vK‡evb e‡j| †Kbbv cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi g~j K ̈ve‡ji mv‡_ hy3 _v‡K| Gi jvB‡bi `y-cÖv‡šÍ `ywU Uvwg©‡bUi _v‡K| †bUIqv‡K©i cÖwZwU †bvW ̄^Zš¿fv‡e mshy3 _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î †WUv cÖevn e ̈e ̄ v nq wØgyLx hLb GKwU Kw¤úDUvi Ab ̈ †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡ii D‡Ï‡k ̈ g ̈v‡mR cvVvq ZLb †mB g ̈v‡mR wmMbvj K ̈ve‡ji gva ̈‡g cwievwnZ n‡q meKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii wbKU †cu.‡Q| †h Kw¤úDUv‡ii D‡Ï‡k ̈ †mwU cvVv‡bv nq †Kej †mwUB †m g ̈v‡mR MÖnY K‡i Avi Ab ̈iv †Kej †mB c ̈v‡KU‡K evwZj K‡i †`q| GB U‡cvjwRi me‡P‡q eo myweav n‡jv GwU †QvU cwim‡ii †bUIqv‡K©i Rb ̈ LyeB mnR, ̄^íe ̈‡qi, mn‡R e ̈envi‡hvM ̈ Ges mn‡R †evaMg ̈ GKwU U‡cvjwR| (N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wPÎ-1 n‡”Q evm U‡cvjwR Ges wPÎ-2 n‡”Q ÷vi U‡cvjwR| evm U‡cvjwR I ÷vi U‡cvjwR Dfq U‡cvjwRiB †ekwKQz myweav Ges Amyweav i‡q‡Q| wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri Rb ̈ DfqB A‡bK myweav cÖ`v‡b mÿg Avevi Ab ̈vb ̈ A‡bK Kv‡RB Zv‡`i AmyweavUvB †ewk aiv †`q| wb‡¤œ Dfq U‡cvjwR myweavmg~n : 1. evm †bUIqv‡K© me‡P‡q Kg •`‡N© ̈i K ̈vej jv‡M d‡j e ̈q Kg nq| 2. evm †bUIqv‡K© weGbwm K ̈v‡ej Kv‡b±i e ̈envi K‡i AwaK msL ̈K Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K© mshy3 Kiv hvq| 3. `~ieZ©x wmMb ̈vj cvidig ̈vÝ wVK ivL‡Z wiwcUvi e ̈envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| evm U‡cvjwRi Amyweavmg~n : 1. GKBmg‡q †Kej GKwU gvÎ Kw¤úDUv‡i g ̈v‡mR cvVv‡bv m¤¢e| 2. †bUIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvi msL ̈v †ewk n‡j cÖPÛ UavwdK m„wó nq Ges †WUv UavÝwgkb wewNœZ nq| 3. evm U‡cvjwRi g~j K ̈vej bó n‡j, cy‡iv †bUIqvK©wU APj n‡q hvq| ÷vi U‡cvjwR myweavmg~n : 1. mn‡R †bUIqv‡K© AwaK msL ̈K Kw¤úDUvi mshy3 Kiv hvq| 2. †bUIqv‡K© mgm ̈v †`Lv w`‡j mn‡R †Kw›`aq Ae ̄ vb A_©vr nve †_‡K mgm ̈v AbymÜvb ïiæ Kiv hvq| 3. †bUIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv GKwU Kw¤úDUvi weKj n‡q †M‡j Zv †bUIqv‡K©i Dci †Kv‡bv cÖfve †d‡j bv| ÷vi U‡cvjwRi Amyweavmg~n : 1. †K‡›`ai wWfvBm nve/ myBP weKj n‡q †M‡j cyiv †bUIqvK©B weKj n‡q c‡o| 2. GB U‡cvjwR‡Z AwaK K ̈vej jv‡M ZvB LiP †ewk| DcwiD3 Av‡jvPbv †_‡KB †`Lv hv‡”Q, †WUv UavÝwgk‡bi D‡Ïk ̈ g~j n‡j ÷vi U‡cvjwR †ewk myweavRbK| †Kbbv GLv‡b GKB mg‡q eû Kw¤úDUv‡i †WUv †`Iqv m¤¢e hv GKwU †bUIqv‡K© mymw3⁄4ZKi‡Yi GKwU cÖavb jÿ ̈ Ges Aí Li‡P myweavRbK GKwU U‡cvjwR wn‡m‡e evm U‡cvjwR †ewk myweav cÖ`vb K‡i| 3| `„k ̈Kí-1 : †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿK GK ai‡bi K ̈vej †`Lv‡jb hv, ̄^”Q KuvP w`‡q •Zwi| [iv. †ev. 23] `„k ̈Kí-2 : Av‡qv‡bvwùqvi wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 3 (K) WiMAX Kx? (L) A ̈vwmb‡μvbvm UavÝwgk‡b mgq †ewk jv‡M †Kb? e ̈vL ̈v Ki| (M) DÏxc‡Ki `„k ̈Kí-1 G DwjøwLZ Zvi gva ̈g m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki| (N) DÏxc‡Ki `„k ̈Kí-2 G †WUv Kw¤úDwb‡Kk‡bi gva ̈g `yBwUi g‡a ̈ †KvbwU DËg? we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI| mgvavb: (K) WiMAX Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. g~jZ WiMAX n‡”Q GKwU Zviwenxb †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb c×wZ, hv eû `~ieZ©x gva ̈g ch©šÍ eaWe ̈vÛ mieivn Ki‡Z cv‡i| (L) †h †WUv UavÝwgkb wm‡÷‡g †cÖiK n‡Z †WUv MÖvn‡K K ̈v‡i±vi evB K ̈v‡i±vi UavÝwgU nq Zv‡K A ̈vwmb‡μvbvm UavÝwgkb e‡j| A ̈vwmb‡μvbvm UavÝwgk‡b cici `ywU K ̈v‡i±vi †cÖi‡Yi gv‡S weiwZ mgq mKj †ÿ‡Î mgvb nq bv| GB UavÝwgk‡b K ̈v‡i±vi †WUv weU ̧‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e ̄ vbvšÍwiZ nq| ZvB cÖvcK Kw¤úDUvi‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb ̈ K ̈v‡i±vi †WUv weU ̧‡jvi ïiæ‡Z GKwU AwZwi3 ÷vU© weU I †k‡l GKwU ev `ywU ÷c weU _v‡K| Gfv‡e cÖwZ K ̈v‡i±vi G‡K G‡K UavÝdvi nq| †h‡nZz K ̈v‡i±vimg~‡ni UavÝwgk‡bi mgq weiwZ mgvb nq bv d‡j Gi †WUv ̄ vbvšÍ‡ii MwZ axi Ges mgq mv‡cÿ e ̈vcvi| (M) DÏxc‡Ki `„k ̈Kí-1 G D‡jøwLZ Zvi gva ̈gwU n‡”Q dvBevi AcwUK K ̈vej| dvBevi AcwUK K ̈vej nj GK ai‡bi Av‡jv cwievnx Zvi hv GK ev GKvwaK AcwUK ̈vj dvBevi w`‡q •Zwi Kiv nq| GB AcwUK ̈vj dvBevi •e`y ̈wZK AšÍiK ev WvB-B‡jKwUaK c`v_© w`‡q •Zwi GK ai‡bi dvBevi- hv Av‡jv wbeÜKiY I cwien‡b mÿg| GB dvBevi †`L‡Z gvby‡li Pz‡ji †P‡q miæ n‡q _v‡K| AcwUK ̈vj dvBevi we`y ̈r Acwievnx n‡jI Av‡jv cwien‡b mÿg| D‡jøL ̈ Av‡jvi MwZ cÖvq 3.00  108 m/s| dvBevi •Zwii Rb ̈ •e`y ̈wZK AšÍiK c`v_© wnmv‡e wmwjKv Ges gvwë K‡¤úv‡b›U KuvP eûjfv‡e e ̈envi Kiv nq| wfbœ cÖwZmivs‡Ki •e`y ̈wZK AšÍiK ev WvB-B‡jKwUaK c`v_© w`‡q AcwUK ̈vj dvBevi MwVZ| dvBevi AcwU‡Ki wZbwU Ask _v‡K| h_v : 1. †Kvi : wfZ‡ii WvB-B‡jKwUaK †Kvi hvi e ̈vm 8 †_‡K 100 gvB‡μvb n‡q _v‡K| 2. K¬ ̈vwWs : †Kvi‡K Ave× K‡i _vKv evB‡ii WvB- B‡jKwUaK AveiY K¬ ̈vwWs bv‡g cwiwPZ| †Kv‡ii cÖwZmivsK K¬ ̈vwWs‡qi cÖwZmivs‡Ki †P‡q †ewk _v‡K| 3. R ̈v‡KU : AveiY wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| Sheath Jacket Core Cladding Glass core Primary buffer Glass Cladding Secondary buffer (N) DÏxc‡K `„k ̈Kí-2 G †WUv Kw¤úDwb‡Kk‡bi `yBwU ̧iæZ¡c~Y© gva ̈g wb‡q K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| wPÎ-1 G †iwWI I‡qe Ges wPÎ-2 G m ̈v‡UjvBU gvB‡μvI‡qe‡K Bw1⁄2Z Kiv n‡”Q| `yBwU †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb gva ̈‡gi g‡a ̈ wPÎ- 1 Z_v m ̈v‡UjvBU‡K †ewk DËg e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| Avgvi gZvg‡Zi ̄^c‡ÿ hyw3 w`‡Z †iwWI I‡qe I m ̈v‡UjvBU gvB‡μvI‡q‡fi wKQzmyweav I Amyweavi ZvwjKv cÖ ̄ÍZ Kiv n‡jv : †iwWI I‡qe Gi myweav : 1. wgwWqv wn‡m‡e †Kv‡bv Zvi ev K ̈ve‡ji cÖ‡qvRb jv‡M bv| 2. GwU evqygÛ‡ji Av‡qv‡bvwùqvi ch©šÍ we ̄Í...Z n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍi mv‡_ KwgDwb‡Kkb Kiv hvq| 3. •ewi AvenvIqv I cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡kI †iwWI †hvMv‡hvM wew”Qbœ nq bv| †iwWI I‡qe Gi Amyweav : 1. GwU Zvi ev K ̈vej gva ̈‡gi †P‡q GKwU e ̈qeûj KwgDwb‡Kkb e ̈e ̄ v| 2. †iwWI I‡q‡fi Rb ̈ Avjv`v UavÝwgUvi, wiwmfvi, G‡›Ubv Ges Dchy3 Uvwg©bvj hš¿cvwZ _vK‡Z nq, hvi iÿYv‡eÿY Sv‡gjv| †iwWI I‡qe gvbyl I cwi‡e‡ki Dci ÿwZKi cÖfve m„wó K‡i| m ̈v‡UjvBU gvB‡μvI‡qe Gi myweav : 1. G‡Z †ek D”PgvÎvi wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ e ̈eüZ nq| 2. m ̈v‡UjvBU gvB‡μvI‡qe UavÝwgkb AZ ̈vwaK| Z‡e Gi e ̈enviI my`~icÖmvix| 3. `y‡h©vM e ̈e ̄ vcbvq, m ̈v‡UjvBU GPS BZ ̈vw` Kv‡R m ̈v‡UjvBU gvB‡μvI‡q‡fi e ̈envi †ek myweavRbK| 4. eo eo e ̈emvwqK cÖwZôv‡bi KwgDwb‡Kkb mnR K‡i †`q| m ̈v‡UjvBU gvB‡μvI‡qe Gi Amyweav : 1. c„w_ex †_‡K m ̈v‡UjvBU ev m ̈v‡UjvBU †_‡K c„w_ex‡Z wmMb ̈vj cvVv‡bvi Rb ̈ A‡bK eo A ̈v‡›Ubvi `iKvi nq| 2. c„w_ex †_‡K Av‡jvi †e‡M †h wmMb ̈vjwU cvVv‡bv nq †mwU GB wekvj `~iZ¡ AwZμg Ki‡Z GKwU mgq †bq d‡j axi MwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb nq| AZGe, m ̈v‡UjvB‡Ui gva ̈‡g wecyj cwigvY †WUv †cÖiY Kiv hvq| hv †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi g~jwfwË| d‡j m ̈v‡UjvBU †ewk DËg| 4| AvBwmwU wkÿK K¬v‡m ej‡jb †WUv UavÝwgk‡bi GKwU c×wZ‡Z †WUv GKwU Zv‡ii ga ̈ w`‡q ÷vU© I ÷c we‡Ui mgš^‡q c ̈v‡KU AvKv‡i UavÝwgU nq Ges Aci GKwU c×wZ‡Z †WUv †d«‡gi mv‡_ †nWvi I †UaBjvi hy3 n‡q UavÝwgU nq| Gici wkÿK Ggb GKwU cÖhyw3i K_v ej‡jb hvi gva ̈‡g Zviwenxbfv‡e eû`~i ch©šÍ B›Uvi‡bU †mev cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| [Kz. †ev. 23] (K) dzj Wz‡cø· Kx? (L) wis U‡cvjwR‡Z me ̧‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ me ̧‡jv Kw¤úDUvi mshy3 Ki‡j †Kvb U‡cvjwR nqÑ e ̈vL ̈v Ki|
4  HSC ICT Chapter-2 (M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU †mev cÖ`vb Kivi cÖhyw3wU eY©bv Ki| (N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †WUv UavÝwgk‡bi c×wZ `y‡Uvi g‡a ̈ Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki| mgvavb: (K) †h UavÝwgkb †gvW GKB mg‡q Dfq w`K n‡Z †WUv †cÖi‡Yi e ̈e ̄ v _v‡K A_©vr †h †Kvb cÖvšÍ cÖ‡qvR‡b †WUv †cÖiY Kivi mgq †WUv MÖnY A_ev †WUv MÖn‡Yi mgq †cÖiYI Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K dzj Wz‡cø· †WUv UavÝwgkb †gvW e‡j| †hgb : †gvevBj †dvb| (L) wis U‡cvjwR‡Z me ̧‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ me ̧‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mshy3 Ki‡j †gk U‡cvjwR nq| wis U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUvi Zvi wbKUeZ©x `yB Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mshy3 _v‡K| G msNU‡bi g‡a ̈ †WUv †cÖiY Kiv n‡j †WUv Nyi‡Z _v‡K hZÿY bv ch©šÍ †WUv †KD MÖnY K‡i| Z‡e †gk U‡cvjwRi cÖ‡Z ̈K Kw¤úDUvi cÖ‡Z ̈‡Ki mv‡_ mshy3 _v‡K| Ges cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi †h †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi †WUv Av`vb cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| wPÎ : wis U‡cvjwR wPÎ : †gk U‡cvjwR (M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU †mev cÖ`vb Kivq cÖhyw3wU n‡”Q WiMAX. WiMAX Gi c~Y©iƒc Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access| Gi IEEE ÷ ̈vÛvW© 802.16| GB †bUIqvK© e ̈e ̄ v K ̈vewjs‡qi Zzjbvq mnR I myweavRbK| e ̈vÛDBW ev †WUv UavÝdvi †iU K ̈vej †bUIqv‡K©i Zzjbvq †ewk| WiMAX Gi ms ̄ vcb I iÿYv‡eÿY LiP wKQzUv †ewk| Z‡e Gi interference ev Signal noise A‡bK Kg| GKB mv‡_ gvwëdvskbvj myweav cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b WiMAX Iq ̈vi‡jm B›Uvi‡bU myweav cÖ`vbKvix me©vaywbK cÖhyw3| WiMAX Gi †WUv UavÝwgkb †iU (80 Mbps-1 Gbps) cvIqv hvq| mvaviYZ WiMAX Gi GKwU cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡”Q Gi †em †÷kb, Z‡e A‡bK e ̈enviKvix †Kej GKwU †em †÷k‡bi gva ̈‡gB mKj myweav †c‡Z cv‡i| bZzb e ̈enviKvix‡`i Rb ̈ WiMAX LyeB MÖnY‡hvM ̈ I mn‡R e ̈envi‡hvM ̈ GKwU cÖhyw3| (N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †WUv UavÝwgk‡bi `yBwU c×wZ n‡”Q wmb‡μvbvm I A ̈vwmb‡μvbvm †WUv UavÝwgkb| wb‡¤œ Zv‡`i Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv : †h †WUv UavÝwgkb wm‡÷‡g †cÖiK n‡Z †WUv MÖvn‡K K ̈v‡i±vi evB K ̈v‡i±vi UavÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K A ̈vwmb‡μvbvm UavÝwgkb e‡j| Ab ̈w`‡K †h †WUv UavÝwgkb wm‡÷‡g †WUvmg~n‡K eøK AvKv‡i fvM K‡i cÖwZ ev‡i 1wU K‡i eøK UavÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K wmb‡μvbvm UavÝwgkb e‡j| A ̈vwmb‡μvbvm †WUv UavÝwgk‡bi R‡b ̈ †cÖi‡Ki †Kv‡bv cÖv_wgK †÷v‡iR wWfvBm cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| wKš‧ wmb‡μvbvm †WUv UavÝwgk‡bi R‡b ̈ cÖvBgvix †÷v‡iR cÖ‡qvRb nq| A ̈vwmb‡μvbvm †WUv UavÝwgk‡b MwZ axi Ges `ÿZv Kg †hLv‡b wmb‡μvbvm A‡bK `aæZ MwZi Ges Gi `ÿZv A‡bK †ewk| Z‡e wmb‡μvbvm UavÝwgk‡bi Rb ̈ cÖPzi e ̈q nq, hv A ̈vwmb‡μvbv‡mi †ÿ‡Î GK`g m ̄Ív ZvQvov A ̈vwmb‡μvbvm c×wZ Bb÷‡jkb e ̈q AZ ̈šÍ †ewk| 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ̧‡jvi DËi `vI| [h. †ev. 23] wPÎ-1 D X Y Z wPÎ-2 (K) e ̈vÛDB_ Kx? (L) Ò†WUv eøK AvKv‡i UavÝwgU nqÓÑ e ̈vL ̈v Ki| (M) DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-1 G e ̈eüZ D wWfvBmwUi f‚wgKv GB U‡cvjwRi †ÿ‡Î Av‡jvPbv Ki| (N) wPÎ-1 Ges wPÎ-2 Gi g‡a ̈ ms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †bUIqvK© Kv‡bw±s wWfvBmmg~‡ni Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv KiZ: DËgwU wbe©vPb Ki| mgvavb: (K) cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û †h cwigvY WvUv GK ̄ vb n‡Z Ab ̈ ̄ v‡b ̄ vbvšÍwiZ nq Zv‡K A_©vr †WUv ̄ vbvšÍ‡ii nvi‡K e ̈vÛDB_ e‡j| (L) Ò†WUv eøK AvKv‡i UavÝwgU nqÓ ej‡Z wmb‡μvbvm †WUv UavÝwgkb c×wZ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †h †WUv UavÝwgkb e ̈e ̄ vq †cÖiK †÷k‡b cÖ_‡g †WUv‡K †Kv‡bv cÖv_wgK †÷v‡iR wWfvBm msiÿY Kiv nq, AZtci †WUvi K ̈v‡i±vimg~n‡K eøK AvKv‡i fvM K‡i cÖwZev‡i GKwU K‡i eøK UavÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K wmb‡μvbvm UavÝwgkb e‡j| GB UavÝwgk‡b cÖwZwU eøK GKwU wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi UavÝwgU nq| G Kvi‡Y bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q wmb‡μvbvm UavÝwgkb †g_W| GB UavÝwgkb †g_‡W †Kvb ÷vU© ev ÷c weU _v‡K bv d‡j GKvav‡i †WUv Pj‡Z _v‡K| ZvB GB c×wZi MwZ Lye †ewk| (M) DÏxc‡K wPÎ-1 G e ̈eüZ D wWfvBmwU n‡”Q nve (Hub)| GKvwaK Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a ̈ ms‡hvM ̄ vc‡bi Rb ̈ †h †÷avj wWfvBm ev Kb‡mb‡UaU‡ii `iKvi nq ZvB n‡”Q nve| GwU mvaviYZ Kv‡bw±s c‡q›U ev wiwcUvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i, †hLv‡b A‡bK ̧‡jv †cvU© _v‡K| GKwU †cv‡U©i gva ̈‡g GKwU Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ mshy3 nq| nv‡ei AšÍfz©3 †h‡Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K †Kv‡bv †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡j Zv me †cv‡U©i Kv‡Q †cu.Qvq| d‡j †bUIqvK©fz3 mKj