Title KEY - R12 NP4.docx ✅

RECALLS 12 NURSING PRACTICE 4 Situation: As a nurse researcher in the research and development center of her hospital, Nurse Rianna is assigned to conduct a research study on the levels of competence of the hospital’s staff nurses. She is given 12 months for the study’s duration. 1. Nurse Rianna is composing her proposal, which design will she use if Rianna wants to assess the competence of the staff nurses upon appointment to the job until their respective retirements? A. Retrospective B. Cross-sectional C. Longitudinal D. Descriptive-correlational Answer is C. Longitudinal – assessment of data is collected over an extended period from appointment until retirement. 2. During the project planning, Rianna realizes that she cannot use randomization for her subjects due to the nature of the work setting. Considering this, what research design should Rianna employ when randomization is not permitted? A. Experimental B. Quasi-experimental C. Prescriptive D. Correlational Answer is B. Quasi-experimental as this design lack randomization to treatment groups. 3. As part of her research, Nurse Rianna plans to implement a new competency-based training design in which she will later evaluate the competency levels of the nurses who underwent and did not participate in the new program. What research design is applicable for Rianna to employ? A. Cross-sectional B. Experimental C. Retrospective D. Descriptive Answer is B. Experimental – there is manipulation in the study, the researcher implements a competency-based training design to the subjects to evaluate their competency levels. The researcher does not aim to describe a phenomena, look for a cause, and it is not stated if data is collected at one point in time. 4. Rianna formulated the hypothesis of her research, which pertains to a simple hypothesis? A. The level of competence is the same for those with clear perception and those who have unclear role perception B. Role perception increase the level of competence among staff nurses C. Level competence is influenced by role perception D. Role perception is not related with the level of competence among staff Answer is B. which has 1 independent variable (role perception) and 1 dependent variable (level of competence). We define a simple hypothesis as a hypothesis that expresses an expected relationship between one independent and one dependent variable. A complex hypothesis is a prediction of a relationship between two (or more) independent variables and/or two (or more) dependent variables. Complex hypotheses sometimes are referred to as multivariate hypotheses because they involve multiple variables. 5. When a competency-based training program for the staff nurses is introduced by Nurse Rianna, which element of experimental research would this action refer to? A. Evaluation B. Manipulation C. Control D. Randomization Answer is B. Manipulation – the experimenter does something (introduction of competency-based training program) for the staff nurses.

to make a reasoned decision about participation, normally involve signing a consent form to document voluntary and informed participation. Situation: Mr. Jake proposed to conduct research on the utilization of a revised self-care guide for patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. 10. Mr. Jake believes that he must abide by the ethical conduct in research, which code of ethics requires informed consent in all studies involving human subjects? A. ICN code of ethics B. Belmont report C. Nuremberg code D. Helsinki declaration Answer is C. Nuremberg code - the first international document which advocated voluntary participation and informed consent. D: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects C: a set of ethical research principles for human experimentation; states that human subjects must be able to withdraw from a research study at any time; developed after Nazi atrocities were made public as an international effort to establish ethical standards; the FIRST international document which advocated voluntary participation and informed consent. B: statement of basic ethical principles and guidelines that should assist in resolving the ethical problems that surround the conduct of research with human subjects A: a statement of the ethical values, responsibilities and professional standards of nurses 11. Which of the following codes of ethics differentiate whether the research study has a therapeutic value, or which essentially yields new knowledge and has no therapeutic value? A. Nuremberg code B. Belmont report C. Helsinki declaration D. ICN code of ethics The answer is A. Nuremberg code. According to code no. 2: The experiment should be such as to yield fruitful results for the good of the society, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature. To be able to stay true to this code, the study’s therapeutic value or non-value must be first differentiated and determined. The ICN code of ethics does NOT state that it differentiates whether the research has therapeutic value or not. A: Called for voluntary consent, assessment of risks and benefits, and assurance of competent investigators. B: Standards of ethical research are based on: beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice. C: The World Medical Association’s (1964) Declaration of Helsinki reiterated the Nuremberg Code’s emphasis on voluntary and informed consent to research as well as other factors important to ethical conduct in scientific investigations involving communities and individuals. The Declaration of Helsinki, revised most recently in 2000, is universally recognized as a foundational guideline for ethical behaviour in scientific research. (WHO) D: The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses is a statement of the ethical values, responsibilities and professional accountabilities of nurses and nursing students that defines and guides ethical nursing practice within the different roles nurses assume. 12. Some characteristics are considered vulnerable as subjects for clinical research, which is NOT considered as vulnerable? A. Adult woman B. Mentally or emotionally disabled people C. Children D. Institutionalized people The answer is A. Adult woman. If someone becomes institutionalized, they gradually become less able to think and act independently, because of having lived for a long time under the rules of an institution (Cambridge Dictionary) 13. During the study, one of the subjects expressed his intention to disengage from the research. Which of the following is the appropriate action to take? A. Motivate him to sustain his participation B. Entice him by giving him stipends C. Explain to him that such would affect the validity of the study