Title THEORY OF TRANS - INTER.docx ✅

NGUYENTHAIANCHAU Part 2: Translation and interpretation concepts DEFINITIONS & TERMINOLOGY  Interpreters – interpret spoken word  Translators – translate written text What would be a working definition of a translation? A thought; an idea; a point  That is transferred in writing from one language into another, without loss of meaning, tone, register and purpose.  .. that is transferred verbally from one language to another, without loss of meaning, tone, register and purpose Language Skills  More than just bilingual. Cultural Barriers ‘Culture is like the air we breathe -- it is largely invisible and yet we are dependent on it for our very being. Culture is the logic by which we give order to the world’  Formal language training.  Accreditation (offered by various bodies e.g. ATA, State Dept., court system). Subject Area Knowledge:  Formal training  Self-education  Experience WHAT IS THE JOB LIKE & WHERE DO INTERPRETERS WORK?  Interpreters often work in teams  Work before large or small audiences  proficiency in spoken language WHEN YOU ARE INTERPRETING…  Know that your language skills are valuable!  Know what your role is.  Know the vocabulary.  Know that you need to practice.  Know your limits! Know when to say no! Modes of Interpretation  Simultaneous Interpretation  Consecutive Interpretation  Sight Interpretation
NGUYENTHAIANCHAU SIGHT INTERPRETATION – TRANSLATION INTERPRETATION TRANSLATION Sight interpretation ‘has all the characteristics of a translation whereas the final product has the demands of an interpretation, namely instant understanding and reformulation of the content’ (Martin, 1999). Sight translation appears to have more in common with [SI], given the number of variables involved – time stress, anticipation, reading for idea closure, not to mention the oral nature of the task – factors that are absent in translation. What is Sight Translation? - It's the Oral Translation of a Written Text Some usual challenges especially important in Sight Translation Linguistic Non-Linguistic Acronyms Concepts that do not transfer well into TL (i.e. cultural differences) Ambiguities Phonetic flow Time Constraint - flow/pacing Lack of resources Distractions Possible real-world problems to face  Text written by hand  Ungrammatical sentence structure  Poor punctuation  Incoherent or poorly organized text  Interpreting visual-aided text (i.e., graphs, tables, pictures or diagrams)  When do you utilize Sight Interpretation? - As an interpreter, sight interpretation assignments occur in most interpreting settings such as legal, medical, employment, education, and religious settings. Thus, you should always be prepared with on-the-spot sight interpreting. Focusing skills for Sight Interpretation Fast reading skills/Reading Comprehension Use passive knowledge  to anticipate meaning  make connection between facts Language specific problems  Parts of speech sequence-Chunking & Parsing  Tone  Register Dealing with unknown words  Focus on the message of sentence paragraph rather than word meaning  Guess meaning of the word using contextual cues

NGUYENTHAIANCHAU The translator’s goal should be to reproduce in the receptor language a text which communicates the same message as the source language but using the natural grammatical and lexical choices of the receptor language, his goal is an idiomatic translation. 2. Newmark’s Classification Word-for-word Translation The ST word-order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context. Cultural words are translated literally. The main use of word-for-word translation is either to understand the mechanics of the source language or to construe a difficult text as a pre-translation process. Literal translation Faithful translation Semantic translation Adaptation The ST grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TT equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context.  As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problems to be solved. A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TT grammatical structures. It ‘transfers’ cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical ‘abnormality’ (deviation from ST norms) in the translation.  It attempts to be completely faithful to the intention and the text-realization of the ST writer. Semantic translation differs from ‘faithful translation’ only as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the ST, compromising on ‘meaning’ where appropriate so that no assonance, word-play or repetition jars in the finished version This is the ‘freest’ form of translation. It is used mainly for plays (comedies) and poetry; the themes, characters, plots are usually preserved, the ST cultures converted to the TT culture and the text rewritten. Free translation Idiomatic translation Communicative translation Free translation reproduces the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original.  Usually it is a paraphrase much longer than the original, a so-called ‘intralingual translation’, and not translation at all.  Idiomatic translation reproduces the ‘message’ of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original. Communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership. SL oriented translation TL oriented translation Word-for-word Translation Literal translation Adaptation Free translation