Title NOTES BCEM (U-1).pdf ✅

RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BHILAI Department of Civil Engineering 1 CIVIL DARSHAN Unit-01 (Building Material) BRICKS-  Defination- A small, solid, rectangular shaped building unit composed of inorganic, non-metallic substance which is hardened by heat or chemical action.  Size, weight and colour- 1. Size- Bricks are of different sizes depending upon practice. Brick which is of the same uniform size as laid down by BIS is known as the modular brick or standard bricks. Bricks which are not of standard size are called traditional bricks or non modular bricks. Bricks Actual size L x B x H Nominal size (with mortar thickness) L x B x H Modular brick or standard bricks 190 x 90 x 90 mm 200 x 100 x 100 mm 190 x 90 x 40 mm (Tile size) 200 x 100 x 50 mm (Tile size) Traditional bricks or non modular bricks 230 x 110 x 70 mm 240 x 120 x 80 mm 230 x 110 x 30 mm (Tile size) 240 x 120 x 40 mm (Tile size) 2. Weight- One cubic meter brick earth is about 1800 kg/m3 . Hence average mass of a brick will be about 3 to 3.5 kg. 3. Colour- Most bricks burn are of reddish type in colour, although there are may colours of bricks depend on various factors. Traditional bricks size in India (country size) / conventional size 230 x 115 x 75 mm / 230 x 114 x 76 mm It varies according to country (210-250 x 100-130 x 70-100) mm
RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BHILAI Department of Civil Engineering 2 CIVIL DARSHAN  Factors depend for colours- 1. Natural colour of clay and its chemical composition. 2. Natural colour of sand during moulding. 3. Temperature during burning & type of fuel used for burning. 4. State of dryness before burning. S. no. Colour Responsible Constituents 1 Red Iron 2 Dark blue/ purple Large portion of iron oxide burning at high temperature 3 Yellow or orange Magnesia and iron 4 Brown Excess in lime 5 Black Manganese and large proportion of iron  Qualities of a good brick- 1. Bricks should be table moulded with sharp edges and corners, free from surface crack. 2. It should be uniform in shape and standard size. 3. It should be well burnt in kiln so as to give uniform bright red colour. 4. It should give clear ringing sound when stuck against each other. 5. The surface should be hard enough so that there will be no impression left when scratched with a finger nail. 6. Brick when broken should show homogeneous and compact structure. 7. Brick should not absorb water more than 15% of its dry weight, when immersed in water for 24 hrs. 8. Brick soaked in water for 24 hrs shold not show deposits of white salt on drying in shade. 9. No bricks should have crushing strength less than 5.5 N/mm2 . 10. The brick should not break into pieces when dropped on hard ground from a height of about one meter. 11. Bricks should have low thermal conductivity and should be sound proof.  Quality of good brick depend on following factors – 1. Chemical Composition of clay 2. Preparation of clay.
RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BHILAI Department of Civil Engineering 3 CIVIL DARSHAN 3. Method of moulding, drying and burning.  Brick frogs - Frog is a depression on the top face of a brick, which usually contain a brick manufacturer's stamp. Uses- 1. Frog is a key created to be filled up by mortar during laying and will impart the bond strength to the brick work. 2. It also shows the manufacturer company name. Brick frog size (100 x 40 x 10-20)mm  Composition (or ingredients of good brick earth)- S.no. Ingredients Percentage (%) Benefit (= %) Excess (> %) 1 Silica 50-60 1. Prevents cracking, shrinkage,warping of raw bricks 2. Uniform shape to bricks 3. Provide hardness, resistance to heat and durability 1. It destroys cohesion between particles and bricks become brittle. 2 Alumina 20-30 1. It is plastic in nature when wet and it helps to mould in any shape and on drying it looses its plasticity and becomes hard. 1. If it is excess with inadequate quantity of sand, raw bricks shrinks,cracks and warps during drying and becomes too hard when burned. 3 Lime 2-5 1. It reduces shrinkage on drying. 2. It act as a flux during burning, enabling silica particles to melt & thus 1. It cause vitrification of bricks, it cause bricks to melt, as more amount of silica will fuse. The bricks lose their shape.