Title HANDOUTS - ENGLISH-2023- .pdf ✅

Intellectual Competencies: Purposive Communication English Purposive Communication in English is about writing, speaking, and presenting to different audiences and for various purposes. CHAPTER 1 UNDERSTANDING 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATION Lesson 1: Communication Processes, Principles and Ethics What is Language? - method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way Language Acquisition - the process whereby children learn their native language subconsciously Language Learning - Learning a new language involves listening, speaking, reading, writing, sometimes even a new alphabet and writing format Language Contact - occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact and influence each other What is Communication? - comes from the Latin word “communicare” “to share” or “to make common” - the process of understanding and sharing meaning - relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elicit a response Communication is the exchange of information, ideas, thoughts, and feelings by one individual to another Nature of Communication - It is much more than words - It is a process - It is between two or more people Components of the Communication Process Dr. Carl E. Balita Review Center CBRC Headquarters 2nd Flr., Carmen Building, 881 G. Tolentino St. corner España Blvd., Sampaloc, Manila 1008 Academics and Services Department (ASD) LET Review Program
Technically, communication happens in a systematic process to achieve its success. Communication process is important particularly among professionals because of the following notable reasons according to Bhasin (2021): • It develops coordination for people to understand the thoughts, and ideas of one another. • Its function in an organization is elemental for the smooth and proper functioning of each member of the organization. • It contributes to effective and efficient decision making among people. • It increases the managerial efficiency and leader potentials in organizations. • It promotes the overall organizational peace and cooperation among all employees who are holding different places in the hierarchy. • It boosts the morale of all employees and promotes a healthy working environment in the organization. Elements of Communication - Sender one who crafts a message, idea, or information - Encoding process of converting idea or thoughts of the information into symbols - Message the information, idea, thought, etc. that the speaker wants to convey - Channel means of transmission or distribution of the message - Interference a hindrance that prevents effective communication - Decoding receiver’s mental processing of interpreting message into meaning - Receiver for whom the message was created and one who receives it - Feedback the receiver’s response or reaction to the sender’s message - Environment physical and psychological space where the communication happens - Context common and shared understanding of the situation Classification of Communication 1. According to Mode - Verbal (Oral and Written) - Non Verbal (Body Language, Hand Gestures, Facial Expressions) - Visual (Illustrations, Charts, Photo, Drawings, Maps) 2. According to Context - Intrapersonal – within an individual - Interpersonal (Dyadic and Small Group) - Extended Communication – with the use of technological tools - Organizational Communication – business environments - Intercultural Communication – among people of diverse cultures - Mass Communication – to large audience through different modes
3. According to Purpose and Style - Formal – it is carefully thought to selected audience to inform, persuade, and entertain - Informal – casual and takes place in ordinary conversation to socialize Forms of Nonverbal Communication 1. Kinesics – body movement 2. Oculesics – eye movement 3. Haptics - touch 4. Proxemics - distance 5. Chronemics – time Grapevine Communication (Organizational) 1. Single Strand Chain - passing information through a line of persons to the ultimate recipient 2. Gossip Chain – only one person seeks and tells the information to everyone 3. Probability Chain - random process in which someone transmits the information from person to person 4. Cluster Chain - a person tells the information to the selected people who will pass the information to other selected people Principles of Effective Communication 9 communication principles into operation as suggested by Kapur (2020): 1. Trustworthiness 2. Effective Speaking Skills 3. Active Listening 4. Good Writing Skills 5. Good Reading Skills 6. Objective Judgement 7. Value Difference 8. No Assumptions 9. Authenticity Ethical Considerations in Communication 1. Respectful of their audiences. 2. Considerate of the consequences of their communication. 3. Truthful 4. Efficient in using information 5. Watchful of falsified information. 6. Respectful of the rights of others to information.
Models of Communication 1. Linear Model – one way process with no external feedback A. Aristotle’s Model (300 B.C.) – It is a communication model which can be used to develop public speaking skills or to create propaganda. B. Lasswell’s Model (1948) – It is the “In which channel” as It describes an act of communication by defining who said it, what was said, in what in what channel it was said, to whom, it was said, and with what effect it was said. C. Shannon and Weaver’s Model (1949) – It is also known as the “Mathematical Theory of Communication” that argues that human communication can be broken down into 6 key concepts. D. Berlo’s SMCR Model (1960) – It represents the process of communication according to Sender, Message, Channel, and Receiver. 2. Interactional Model – two-way process but more mechanical and has more delayed feedback. It also deals with exchange of ideas and messages taking place both ways from sender to receiver and vice versa. A. Schramm’s Model (1949) – It views communication as a process wherein the message is transmitted using a medium by a sender to a receiver. He added the notion of field of experience in his theory. Field of experience assimilates a mutual understanding of both the parties. B. Osgood-Schramm’s Model (1954) – It is known as a circular model because it indicates that messages can go in two directions. Also, the two parties decode, interpret, and encode the message of each other. 3. Transactional Model – two-way process and more simultaneous as it has direct and immediate feedback A. White’s Model (1960) - There are eight stages of the oral communication process: thinking, symbolizing, expressing, transmitting, receiving, decoding, feedbacking, also monitoring. So, communication is a sequential interaction process B. Dance’s Helical Model (1967) – It disagrees with the concept of linearity and circularity individually, and introduces the concept of time and continuous communication process.