Title 33.BIOTECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES & PROCESS.pdf ✅

NCERT LINE BY LINE BIOLOGY- 9494065095 CHAPTER BIOTECHNOLOGY- PRINCIPLES & 9 PROCESS Exercise 1 : NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs 9.1 PRINCIPLES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 1. The techniques to after the chemistry of genetic material to introduce these into host organism. (a) molecular biology ⋅ NCERT Page-193,194 / N-163, 164 (b) cytogenetics (c) genetic hybridization (d) genetic engineering 2. Plasmid present in bacterial cells are (a) circular DNA molecules. NCERT Page-195 / N-164 (b) linear DNA molecules. (c) circular RNA molecules. (d) linear RNA molecules. 3. Plasmid has been used as vector because NCERT Page-195 / N-164 (a) both its ends show replication. (b) it can move between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (c) It transfer the piece of DNA attached to it. (d) it has antibiotic resistance gene. 4. The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector became possible with NCERT Page-195 / N-165 (a) DNA ligase (b) endonucleases (c) DNA polymerase (d) exonucleases Biotechnology: Principles and Processes 5. The term 'molecular scissors' refer to (a) recombinant DNA NCERT Page-195 / N-165 (b) restriction enzymes (c) Taq polymerase (d) palindromic nucleotide sequences. 6. The term 'chemical knife' refers to NCERT Page-195/ N-165 (a) Polymerases (b) endonucleases (c) ribonucleases (d) cellulases 7. Plasmid used to construct the first recombinant DNA was isolated from which bacterium species? (a) Escherichia coli (b) Salmonella typhimurium
(c) Agrobacterium tumefaciens (d) Thermus aquaticus 9.2 TOOLS OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 8. In genetic engineering, the antibiotics are used (a) as selectable markers. NCERT Page-199 / N-169 (b) to select healthy vectors. (c) to keep the cultures free of infection. (d) as sequences from where replication starts. 9. Which of the following is a plasmid? (a) pBR 322 NCERT Page-199 / N-169 (b) BamHI (c) Sal I (d) Eco RI 10. To be a cloning vector, a plasmid does not require (a) an origin of replication. NCERT Page-199 / N-169 (b) an antibiotic resistance marker. (c) a restriction site. (d) to have a high copy number. 11. What is true for plasmid? NCERT Page-194 / N-164 (a) Plasmids are widely used in gene transfer (b) These are found in virus (c) Plasmid contains gene for vital activities (d) These are main part of chromosome 12. The first restriction endonuclease reported was (a) Hind II (b) EcoRI (c) Hind III (d) BamH NCERT Page-195 / N-165 13. Restriction endonucleases are enzymes which (a) make cuts at specific positions within the DNA molecule. (b) recognize a specific nucleotide sequence for binding of DNA ligase. (c) restrict the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase. NCERT Page-196 / N-166 (d) remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA molecule. 14. Which one of the following palindromic base sequences in DNA can be easily cut at about the middle by some particular restriction enzyme? NCERT/ Page-196 / N-166 (a) 5’ ............CGTTCG...............3’ 3'.............ATGGTA............. 5 ′ (b) 5’.............GATATG.............3’ 3'............CTTAAG ............ 5 ′ (c) ) 5’.............GAATTC.............3’ 3'............CTACTA ............ 5 ′ (d) ) 5’.............CACGTA.............3’ 3'............CTCAGT ............ 5 ′ 15. Which one of the following represents a palindromic sequence in DNA? NCERT Page-197 / N-167 (a) 5' - GAATTC - 3' 3' - CTTAAG - 5 ' (b) 5' - CCAATG - 3' 3' - GAATCC - 5 ' (c) 5' - CATTAG - 3' 3' - GATAAC - 5 ' (d) 5' - GATACC - 3' 3' - CCTAAG - 5' 16. Which of the following statement is incorrect? NCERT Page-197 / N-167
(a) EcoRI cuts the DNA between bases G and A. (b) Each EcoRI restriction endonuclease recognizes a specific palindromic nucleotide sequences in DNA. (c) When cut by same restriction enzyme, the resultant DNA fragments do not have the same kind of stickyends. (d) Making multiple identical copies of any template DNA is called cloning. 17. Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living organism? (a) Recombinant DNA techniques NCERT Page-194 / N-164 (b) X-ray diffraction (c) Heavier isotope labelling (d) Hybridization 18. During heat shock to the bacterium, the temperature used for giving thermal shock is NCERT Page-201 / N-171 (a) 82∘C (b) 100∘C (c) −196∘C (d) 42∘C 19. Which of the following statement is incorrect? NCERT Page-200 / N-170 (a) T-DNA transform normal plant cell into a tumor. (b) Retroviruses in animals have the ability to transform normal cell into cancerous cells. (c) Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is modified into cloning vector which is more pathogenic to plants. (d) Retrovirus have also been disarmed and are now used to deliver desirable genes into animal cells. 20. The colonies of recombinant bacteria appear white in contrast to blue colonies of non-recombinant bateria because of: NCERT Page-200 / N-170 (a) Insertional inactivate of alphaga-lactosidase in non-recombinant bacteria (b) Insertional inactivation of alpha-galactosidase in recombinant bacteria (c) Inactivation of glycosidase enzyme in recombinant bacteria (d) Non-recombinant bacteria containing betagalactosidase 21. In agarose gel electrophoresis NCERT Page-198 / N-168 (a) DNA migrates towards the negative electrode. (b) supercoiled plamids migrate slower than their nicked counterparts. (c) larger molecules migrate faster than smaller molecules. (d) ethidium bromide can be used to visualize the DNA. 22. Gel electrophoresis is a NCERT Page-198 / N-168 (a) technique of separation of charged molecules under the influence of magnetic field. (b) technique of incorporation of DNA molecules into the cell through translient power made due to electrical impulses. (c) technique of separation of DNA fragments through the pores of agarose gel under the influence of electrical field. (d) technique of separation and purification of gene products. 23. Agarose extracted from sea weeds finds use in: NCERT Page-198 / N-168 (a) Spectrophotometry (b) Tissue culture (c) PCR (d) Gel electrophoresis 24. Which of the following is not correct about pBR 322 vector? NCERT Page-199 / N-169 (a) It was constructed by using DNA derived from naturally occurring plasmids of E coli. (b) It has two drug resistance genes-tet t R and amp R . (c) It was developed by Bolivar and Rodriguez. (d) Selectable markers present in it can differentiate recombinants from non-recombinants on the basis of their inability to produce colour in the presence of chromogenic substrate.
25. Which one of the following is used as vector for cloning genes into higher organisms? NCERT Page-200 / N-170 (a) Baculovirus (b) Salmonella typhimurium (c) Rhizopus nigricans (d) Retrovirus 26. Which of the following are required to facilitate cloning into a vector? NCERT Page-199 / N-169 (a) Origin of replication (b) Selectable marker (c) Cloning sites (d) All of these 27. For transformation, micro-particles coated with DNA to be bombarded with gene gun are made up of (a) silver or platinum NCERT Page-201 / N-171 (b) platinum or zinc (c) silicon or platinum (d) gold or tungsten 28. Biolistics (gene-gun) is suitable for (a) DNA finger printing. (b) Disarming pathogen vectors. (c) Transformation in plant cells. (d) Constructing DNA molecules. NCERT Page-201 / N-171 29. Which of the following has the ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells in animals ? (a) Agrobacterium tumefaciens NCERT Page-200 / N-170 (b) Retroviruses (c) DNA-viruses (d) Plasmids 30. The enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in 'Escherichia coli' is (a) added methyl group to protein. NCERT Page-195 / N-165 (b) cut DNA in a particular fashion. (c) added formyl group to DNA. (d) Both (a) and (b) 31. What must be done before placing DNA into the electrophoretic chamber? NCERT Page-198 / N-168 (a) It must be ground up with mortar and pestle. (b) It must be cut by restriction endonucleases. (c) It must be treated with RNAase . (d) None of the above 32. In genetic engineering, where genes can be inserted from one organism into another or back into the original organism uses which of the following techniques? (a) Polymerase chain reaction NCERT Page-201 / N-171 (b) Gene gun (c) DNA hybridization (d) Gel electrophoresis 33. For a plasmid to be a cloning vector, the minium numbers of elements required are (a) origin of replication, multiple cloning site, selection marker. NCERT Page-199 / N-169 (b) origin of replication, multiple cloning site, selection marker, promoter. (c) origin of replication, multiple cloning site, selection marker, translational start site. (d) origin of replication, multiple cloning site, promoter. 34. When restriction enzymes cut the strand of DNA a little away from the centre of the palindrome sites between the same two base of opposite strands, it produces NCERT Page-197 / N-167