Title ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ TRẠI HÈ HÙNG VƯƠNG VĨNH PHÚC LỚP 11 2024.pdf ✅

1 TỈNH VĨNH PHÚC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN VĨNH PHÚC (Đề thi đề xuất) ĐỀ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI TRẠI HÈ HÙNG VƯƠNG NĂM 2024 ĐỀ THI MÔN TIẾNG ANH - LỚP 11 Thời gian làm bài 180 phút (Đề thi gồm có 20 trang) SECTION I. LISTENING (50 points) Part 1. You will hear part of an environmental science lecture about microplastics. For questions 1-10, write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER to complete the note below. Write your answer in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. MICROPLASTICS Where microplastics come from • fibres from (1) ______ synthetic clothing _______ during washing • the breakdown of large pieces of plastic waste into (2) ______ microscopic particles _______ • waste from industry • the action of vehicle tyres on the roads Effects of microplastics • They cause injuries to the mouths of small creatures or get stuck in their (3) ______ digestive system _______. • They enter the food chain in things that human consume like salt, seafood and both (4) _______ bottled ______ and _______ tap ______ water. • They might not affect human health, but they are already banned from skin cleaning product and toothpaste. • Microplastics enter the soil through the air, rain and (5) _______ fertilizers / fertilisers ______. Microplastics in the soil – a study by Anglia Ruskin University • Earthworm can improve the quality of soil by (6) _______ mixing nutrients ______ into it when they eat. • The research aimed to study the effect of microplastics on the growth of plants. • The study found that microplastics caused: o quick (7) ______ weight loss _______ in earthworms o lower (8) ______ germination _______ rate in grass seeds o a rise in the level of (9) _______ acid ______ in the soil The study concluded: • Soil should be seen as an important natural process. • Microplastics (10) _______ impoverish ______ the soil, damaging both ecosystem and society.
2 TRANSCRIPT In today's lecture, I'm going to be talking about microplastics. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic smaller than five millimetres in size. Recently there's been a greater awareness that there are large quantities of plastic waste - big and small - in the environment. The amount of plastic waste in the oceans has received widespread attention, but far less is known about the effects of microplastics in freshwater and particularly in soil. Microplastics can enter the environment via a number of different sources. Threads and microfibres detach from [Q1] synthetic clothing every time they're put in a washing machine, and these find their way into the water system. Other sources include big pieces of plastic waste that are already in the environment, and these break down into [Q2] microscopic particles over a period of time. On a larger scale, factory waste is another route, as are tyres which wear down as cars, lorries and so on travel along road surfaces. We already understand some of the impacts of microplastics from studies involving fish and other animals. There is evidence that microplastics harm small creatures in a variety of ways, such as by damaging their mouths, or by impairing their ability to feed, for example when microplastics get lodged in their [Q3] digestive system. Surprisingly perhaps, it is likely that humans consume microplastics, as these have been detected in a wide range of food and drink products, including [Q4] bottled water, as well as in water that comes direct from the [Q4] tap. What's more, salt and many kinds of seafood have also been found to contain microplastics. However, it's important to underline that there is not yet conclusive proof that microplastics cause significant harm to people. In many countries, including here in the UK, there is legislation which prevents manufacturers from adding plastic microbeads to shower gels, facial cleansers and toothpaste. It is very difficult to accurately estimate the total amount of microplastic particles in the soil as they can be hard to detect, but we do know they are carried in the air and deposited in the soil by rain. What's more, many of [Q5] the fertilisers used by both farmers and gardeners contain microplastics. A team from the Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge has carried out a study of the effects of microplastics on the digestive tracts of earthworms. These worms, which live in topsoil, are an essential component of our agricultural system. By feeding on soil, they [Q6] mix nutrients into it, thereby making it more fertile. The researchers set out to discover whether the introduction of microplastics into the soil - and the subsequent ingestion of these by earthworms - would impact soil quality and ultimately inhibit plant growth. The short answer was, yes, it did. After placing three different types of microplastic particles into the soil, they planted perennial rye grass. The particles of microplastic, which included biodegradable PLA and conventional high- density polyethylene, or HDPE, were then ingested by the earthworms in the soil. [Q7] The result was that the worms lost weight rapidly. What's more, [Q8] a lower percentage than normal of the rye grass seeds germinated, and the researchers concluded that this was a direct result of the earthworms being unable to
3 fulfil their normal role in making soil more fertile. [Q9] The team also discovered that there was an increase in the amount of acid found in the soil, and this was attributed mainly to the microplastic particles from conventional HDPE plastic. The conclusions of the study make for very interesting reading - l've included the reference in the notes to give you at the end of this session. To summarise, the authors proposed the idea that we need to regard soil as we would regard any other process in nature. This means we should accept the implications of soil being dependent on decaying and dead matter constantly being passed through the bodies of earthworms. [Q10] That is, when soil becomes impoverished by the presence of microplastics, not only ecosystems but also the whole of society are negatively impacted. Part 2. Listen to a report on an ecological disaster in Sri Lanka and answer the questions. For question 11-15, write NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS from the recording for each answer in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 11. How is the condition of the ship when it is sinking off Sri Lanka’s west coast? burnt-out / burned-out 12. What are ready to be used to deal with possible risks? oil dispersant and skimmers 13. What have waters been dirtied by? (a) green film of chemicals 14. What may cause plastic pellets to drift to Indonesia? (the) southwest monsoon 15. According to Sri Lanka, what is the reason for the disaster? (a) nitric acid leak TRANSCRIPT Sri Lanka is fighting to avert a double ecological disaster a [Q11] burnt-out ship sinking off its west coast could leak hundreds of tons of oil into the Indian ocean and cargo from the vessel has already coated nearby beaches with oil and plastic. The government is intending to seek compensation from the vessels operator. Bracing for disaster, Sri Lanka is preparing for an oil spill as the burnt-out cargo ship sinks off the west coast. [Q12] Oil dispersants and skimmers are on standby as the Sri Lankan navy works with an Indian coast guard vessel. It won't be a small fleet. The vessel is carrying nearly 350 tons of fuel. Elsewhere, damage has already been done. Traces of oil can already be seen on this western coastal stretch. Waters have been tainted by [Q13] a green film of chemicals. And once pristine beaches are now covered with plastic pellets from the 1500 containers on board the ship. They contained nitric acid, plastics, cosmetics, as well as one container listed as an environmentally hazardous liquid. “It used to be this beautiful tropical beach with coconut trees along the side, very idyllic, and today when I went there I was very heartbroken to see piles of plastic pellets everywhere.” The ecological damage could be more widespread than estimated. “We are actually doing modeling and we think that maybe in about 40 to 50 days some of that plastic pellets
4 will be finding its way to Indonesia because of [Q14] the southwest monsoon. And when the monsoon changes, the currents will change and the plastics will go in the other direction impacting Maldives, etc.” The fire on board the MV X-Press Pearl began about three weeks ago. Sri Lanka suspects it was triggered by [Q15] a nitric acid leak that began before the vessel entered its waters. It is seeking compensation for the disaster. Criminal charges have been filed against a Singapore-based ship operator. Singapore has started its own investigation into the incident. Later, on Asia Tonight, the CEO of the vessels operator talks about the long-term fallout of the disaster. “We need to bear in mind that this will be a long process at looking, first of all, to see when this incident will be over and then to assess the total damages.” And that interview - later on The Bulletin. Part 3. You will hear a podcast about fake news. For questions 16-20, listen and decide whether these statements are True (T) or False (F). Write your answer in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 16. The speaker states that fake news travels as fast as the truth. F 17. In the past, major outlets gathered information from secondary resources more often than today. F 18. Circular reporting happens when a publication repeats the re-report stories from other outlets. T 19. Routine vaccination of children causes autism. F 20. Websites that allow users to edit content often contribute to circular reporting. T TRANSCRIPT There's a quote usually attributed to the writer Mark Twain that goes, "[Q16] A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes." Funny thing about that. There's reason to doubt that Mark Twain ever said this at all, thus, ironically, proving the point. And today, the quote, whoever said it, is truer than ever before. [Q17] In previous decades, most media with global reach consisted of several major newspapers and networks which had the resources to gather information directly. Outlets like Reuters and the Associated Press that aggregate or re-report stories were relatively rare compared to today. The speed with which information spreads now has created the ideal conditions for a phenomenon known as circular reporting. [Q18] This is when publication A publishes misinformation, publication B reprints it, and publication A then cites B as the source for the information. It's also considered a form of circular reporting when multiple publications report on the same initial piece of false information, which then appears to another author as having been verified by multiple sources. [Q19] For instance, the 1998 publication of a single pseudoscientific paper arguing that routine vaccination of children causes autism inspired an entire antivaccination movement, despite the fact that the original paper has repeatedly been discredited by the scientific community. Deliberately unvaccinated children are now contracting contagious diseases that