Title CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6 - THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH.doc ✅

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH A. STRUCTURES 1. S + V(any tense) + that + S + (not) + V (present subjunctive) STT Động từ Nghĩa 1. + advise / ədˈvaɪz /: khuyên bảo. 2. + demand / dɪˈmɑːnd /: đòi hỏi, yêu cầu. 3. + prefer / prɪˈfəːr /: thích hơn, ưa hơn. 4. + require / rɪˈkwaɪər /: đòi hỏi, yêu cầu. 5. + insist / ɪnˈsɪst /: cứ nhất định, khăng khăng đòi, cố nài. 6. + propose / prəˈpəʊz /: đề nghị, đề xuất, đưa ra. 7. + stipulate / ˈstɪpjuleɪt /: quy định, đặt điều kiện 8. + command / kəˈmɑːnd /: ra lệnh, chỉ thị. 9. + move / muːv /: chuyển, khuấy động, làm cảm động, đề nghị 10. + recommend /rekə'mend/: giới thiệu, tiến cử. 11. + suggest / səˈdʒest /: đề nghị, đề xuất, gợi ý. 12. + decree / dɪˈkriː/: ra lệnh, quy định bằng sắc lệnh 13. + order / ˈɔːdə/: ra lệnh. 14. + request / rɪˈkwest/ /: thỉnh cầu, yêu cầu, đề nghị. 15. + urge / ɜːdʒ /: hối thúc, thúc giục. 16. + ask / ɑːsk /: đòi hỏi, xin, yêu cầu, thỉnh cầu 2. It + be (any tense) + Adj + that + S + (not) + V (present subjunctive) STT Tính từ Nghĩa 1. + important / ɪmˈpɔːtənt /: quan trọng, 2. + necessary / ˈnesəseri /: cần thiết, thiết yếu. 3. + urgent / ˈɜrdʒənt /: khẩn thiết, cấp bách 4. + obligatory / əˈblɪɡətri /: bắt buộc, cưỡng bách 5. + essential / ɪˈsenʃl /: cần thiết, cốt yếu, chủ yếu. 6. + advisable / ədˈvaɪzəbəl/: nên, thích hợp, đáng theo 7. + recommended/ ˌrekəˈmend /: được giới thiệu, tiến cử 8. + required / rɪˈkwaɪəd/: đòi hỏi, cần thiết 9. + mandatory / ˈmændətəri /: có tính cách bắt buộc 10. + proposed / prəˈpəʊzd /: được đề nghị, dự kiến 11. + suggested / səˈdʒesid /: giới thiệu, đề nghị 12. + vital / ˈvaɪtl /: sống còn, quan trọng
If + S + V (quá khứ đơn) + ..., S + would/could + V (nguyên dạng) If + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) +..., S + would/ could + have + Vp2 13. + crucial / ˈkruːʃəl /: quyết định, cốt yếu, chủ yếu 14. + imperative / ɪmˈperətɪv /: bắt buộc, cấp bách 3. Tất cả các danh từ xuất phát từ những động từ và tính từ trên đều buộc mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, nếu như nó diễn đạt các yếu tố như thể hiện ý muốn, yêu cầu đề nghị, ra lệnh, gợi ý. Những danh từ đó là: STT Danh từ Nghĩa 1. + demand / dɪˈmɑːnd /: đòi hỏi, yêu cầu 2. + recommendation / ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn /: sự giới thiệu, sự tiến cử 3. + insistence / ɪnˈsɪstəns /: sự khăng khăng đòi, sự cố nài 4. + request / rɪˈkwest /: lời thỉnh cầu, lời yêu cầu 5. + proposal / prəˈpəʊzl /: sự đề nghị, sự đề xuất 6. + suggestion / səˈdʒestʃən /: sự đề nghị, sự gợi ý 7. + preference / ˈprefrəns /: sự thích hơn 8. + importance / ɪmˈpɔːtənt /: sự quan trọng 4. WOULD RATHER S1 + would rather that + S2 + V (quá khứ đơn) (nếu có dấu hiệu của hiện tại) S1 + would rather that + S2 + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) (nếu có dấu hiệu của quá khứ) 5. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 2 để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc không thể xảy ra được ở tương lai. Cấu trúc: Dùng trong mệnh đề điều kiện của câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả những giả thuyết không có thật ở trong quá khứ. Cấu trúc: 6. CÂU ƯỚC (S + wish)/if only + S + V (quá khứ đơn) Dùng trong câu ước không có thực ở hiện tại (wish = If only) (S + wish)/if only + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành)
Dùng sau "wish/ If only" để diễn đạt ý cầu mong hoặc giả định đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ. 7. AS IF / AS THOUGH (Trước as if / though là thì gì thì sau as if/ though lùi một thì) S1 + V (hiện tại đơn) + as if/ as though + S2 + V (quá khứ đơn) S1 + V (hiện tại đơn) + as if/ as though + S2 + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) 8. Dùng trong cấu trúc “It’s time …” It's (high/about) time + S + V (quá khứ đơn) = It's time for sb to do st: (đã đến lúc cho ai đó làm gì) 9. OTHERWISE S + V (hiện tại đơn) + otherwise + S + would/could + V(bare) S + V (quá khứ đơn) + otherwise + S + would/could + have + Vp2 B. PRACTICE EXERCISES Exercise 1: Find a mistake in each following sentence and correct it. Question 1: Henry would rather that his girlfriend work in the same department as he does. Question 2: It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stops smoking. Question 3: It is high time I had left for the airport. Question 4: It is important that we be talked about how developed countries have solved the urbanization problems and propose some solutions to those in Viet Nam. Question 5: Is it really necessary that we included new information in the conclusion? Question 6: It is recommended that the presentation were no more than 15 minutes. Question 7: I suggest that we focused on its advantages and disadvantages. Question 8: Our Geography teacher also advised that we will talk about issues that are familiar and important to our classmates. Question 9: It is important that he gets into a good university. Question 10: The teacher demanded that the classroom clean immediately. Question 11: It is vital that people allow to choose where to live. Question 12: She requested that everyone in my class attends her presentation. Question 13: It is crucial that urban people don’t look down on rural people. Question 14: Her parents insisted that she studies hard for GCSE. Question 15: The doctor suggested that his patient does not stop smoking. Question 16: This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I catch the earlier train. Question 17: Santiago wishes he didn't spend so much money last night. Question 18: Bob would rather that Jill went to class yesterday. Question 19: It is imperative that everyone knows what to do when there is a fire. Question 20: Public opinion demands that an inquiry held. Question 21: Marry would rather that her boyfriend would keep his promise. Question 22: The teacher asked that we stopped talking in the class. Question 23: It has been suggested that children will study hard. Question 24: Jennifer would rather she did not leave her phone at home yesterday. Question 25: If this were proven right, you will be considered innocent. Question 26: It has been suggested that he forgets the election. Question 27: It was recommended that we will wait for the authorities. Question 28: The landlord requested that John moves out of the apartment. Question 29: The company asked that employees do not accept personal phone calls during business hours. Question 30: It has been proposed that we will change the topic.
Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 1: I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I______the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. am reading Question 2: You are late. If you______a few minutes earlier, you______him. A. came/would meet B. had come/would have met C. come/will meet D. had come/would meet Question 3: I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he______everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known Question 4: His doctor suggested that he______a short trip abroad. A. will take B. would take C. take D. took Question 5: We might have failed if you______us a helping hand. A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give Question 6: The law requires that everyone______his car checked at least once a month. A. has B. have C. had D. will have Question 7: He was busy yesterday, otherwise he______to the meeting. A. would come B. would have been C. could have been D. would be Question 8: If there were no subjunctive mood, English______much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be Question 9: I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I______it better. A. understood B. would understand C. had understood D. understand Question 10: It never stops raining here. I wish it______raining. A. stopped B. would stop C. had stopped D. stops Question 11: I should never have said that. I wish I______that. A. didn't say B. wouldn't say C. hadn't said D. don’t say Question 12: I miss my friends. I wish my friends______here right now. A. were B. would be C. had been D. are Question 13: I speak English terribly. I wish I______English well. A. spoke B. would speak C. had spoken D. speaks Question 14: I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ______quiet. A. kept B. would keep C. had kept D. will keep Question 15: -“What will you do during winter vacation?” -“I don’t know, but it’s about time______something.” A. I decided B. I’ll decide C. I’d decided D. I’m deciding Question 16: He was very busy yesterday, otherwise, he______to your birthday party. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. should come Question 17: The two strangers talked as if they______friends for years. A. should be B. had been C. have been D. were Question 18: It is about time you______harder for the next exam. A. work B. are working C. worked D. have worked Question 19: The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe. It looks as if it______down. A. would fall B. falls C. is falling D. is going to fall Question 20: Team rules require that each player______responsible for memorizing one rule and then for teaching that rule to all of the players. A. is B. was C. be D. were Question 21: To avoid unnecessary injury, the coach insisted that the players' tackling drills______on the proper way to fall down.