Title ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ TRẠI HÈ HÙNG VƯƠNG BẮC KẠN LỚP 11 2024.pdf ✅

1 TỈNH BẮC KẠN TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN BẮC KẠN (Đề thi đề xuất) ĐỀ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI TRẠI HÈ HÙNG VƯƠNG NĂM 2024 ĐỀ THI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 Thời gian làm bài 180 phút (Đề thi gồm có 18 trang) PART I. LISTENING: 50/200 points 1. Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. History of weather forecasting Early methods • Almanacs connected the weather with the positions of different 1. _______ planets ______ at particular times. Invention of weather instruments • A hydrometer showed Levels of 2. _______ humidity ______ (Nicholas Cusa 1450) • Temperature variations – first measured by a thermometer containing 3. _______ water ______ (Galileo Galilei 1595) • A barometer indicated air pressure (Evangelista Torricelli 1645) Transmitting weather information • The use of the 4. ______(electric) telegraph _______ allowed information to be passed around the world. • Daily 5. _______(weather) maps ______ were produced by the French from 1863. Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Producing a weather forecast 6. Weather observation stations are found mostly at ______ airports _______ around the country. 7. Satellite images use the colour orange to show ______ dry air _______. 8. The satellites give so much detail that meteorologists can distinguish a particular ______ cloud _______. 9. Information about the upper atmosphere is sent from instruments attached to a _______ balloon ______. 10. Radar is particularly useful for following the movement of _______ hurricanes ______. TRANSCRIPT I work for the National Weather Service and as part of your course on weather patterns, I've been asked to talk to you about how we predict the weather. We're so used to switching on our TVs and getting an up-to-date weather forecast at any time of day or night that we probably forget that this level of sophistication has only
2 been achieved in the last few decades and weather forecasting is actually an ancient art. So I want to start by looking back into history. The earliest weather forecasts appeared in the 1500s in almanacs, which were lists of information produced every year. Their predictions relied heavily on making links between the weather and where the planets were in the sky on certain days. In addition, predictions were often based on information like if the fourth night after a new moon was clear, good weather was expected to follow. But once basic weather instruments were invented, things slowly started to change. In the mid-fifteenth century, a man called Nicholas Cusa, a German mathematician, designed a hygrometer which told people how much humidity there was in the air. To do this, Cusa put some sheep's wool on a set of scales and then monitored the change in the wool's weight according to the air conditions. A piece of equipment we all know and use is the thermometer. Changes in temperature couldn't really be measured until the Italian Galileo Galilei invented his thermometer in 1593. It wasn't like a modern-day thermometer because it had water inside it instead of mercury. In fact, it wasn't until 1714 that Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first mercury thermometer. In 1643 another Italian called Evangelista Torricelli invented the first barometer which measured atmospheric pressure. This was another big step forward in more accurate weather predicting. As time went on, during the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, all these meteorological instruments were improved and developed and people in different countries began to record measurements relating to their local weather. However, in those days it was very difficult to send records from one part of the world to another so it wasn't possible for them to share their information until the electric telegraph became more widespread. This meant that weather observations could be sent on a regular basis to and from different countries. By the 1860s, therefore, weather forecasts were becoming more common and accurate because they were based on observations taken at the same time over a wide area. In 1863, France started publishing weather maps each day. This hadn't been done before, and other nations soon followed. So that was the start of national weather forecasting and I'll now tell you how we at the National Weather Centre get the information we need to produce a forecast. Even today, one of the most important methods we use is observations which tell us what the weather is doing right now. Observation reports are sent automatically from equipment at a number of weather stations in different parts of the country. They are nearly all based at airports although a few are in urban centres. The equipment senses temperature, humidity, pressure and wind speed direction. Meteorologists also rely really heavily on satellites which send images to our computer screens. What we see on our screens is bright colours. Orange represents dry air and bright blue shows moisture levels in the atmosphere. The satellites are located 22,000 miles above the surface of the Earth and it's amazing that despite that distance, it's possible for us to make out an individual cloud and follow it as it moves across the landscape.
3 In addition to collecting data from the ground, we need to know what's happening in the upper levels of the atmosphere. So a couple of times a day from many sites across the country, we send radiosondes into the air. A radiosonde is a box containing a package of equipment and it hangs from a balloon which is filled. with gas. Data is transmitted back to the weather station. Finally, radar. This was first used over 150 years ago and still. is. New advances are being made all the time and it is one method for detecting and monitoring the progress of hurricanes, Crucial information is shown by different colours representing speed and direction. Radar is also used by aircraft, of course. All this information from different sources is put into computer models which are like massive computer programs. Sometimes they all give us the same story and sometimes we have to use our own experience to decide which is showing the most accurate forecast which we then pass on to you. So I hope next time you watch the weather forecast, you'll think about how we meteorologists spend our time. And maybe I've persuaded some of you to study meteorology in more depth. 2. You will hear a short radio report about how technology is helping archaeologists who want to learn more about some texts written over 2,000 years ago known as Roman tablets. Listen and give short answers to the questions from 11 to 15. Write NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording. The recording will be played TWICE. 11. Where did archaeologists discover about 200 tablets? in one Roman fort 12. When did Roman soldiers often use tablets? writing letters or/and legal documents 13. In what field is Professor Mike Brady a leading figure? computer vision 14. What were panels on the tablets once filled with? wax 15. Which type of texts has the new technology already been applied to? texts in ink TRANSCRIPT At the time of the Roman Empire in Europe, around 2,000 years ago, it was common for information to be written, not on paper, but on things called “tablets”. These were pieces of wood about the size and thickness of a typical modern envelope. Hundreds of such tablets have been unearthed from archaeological sites throughout Europe and the Mediterranean world – nearly 200 were found in one Roman fort alone – and like most of these discoveries, they have been placed in public collections, mainly in museums in northern Europe, to be viewed but not, unfortunately, to be read. This is because, although in some cases traces of writing can still be seen, most are now illegible to the naked eye. But that’s all soon to change because archaeologists hope that with the help of new technology, their secrets may soon be revealed. Many of the tablets took the form of legal documents and letters written by Roman soldiers. An example, now at the British Museum, bears the name of the person who wrote it and
4 the name of the person who received it, plus the word “transportation”, which you can just make out, but the rest remains a mystery. Now, with the help of computer techniques, experts hope eventually to be able to read the whole letter. Professor Mike Brady, a leading figure in what’s known as “computer vision” for many years, admits that this is the hardest project he’s ever worked on. But the excitement of seeing the latest ideas in computing applied to such a very ancient problem has the archaeological community buzzing. So, in simple terms, why has the writing been preserved and how will it be possible to “undo” the ageing process? Well, the tablets were made with thin, hollow panels cut across them. Wax was poured into these and the test was then written into this soft surface using an instrument with a fine metal point. In virtually all cases, the wax has perished and all that can be detected on the surface of the tablet underneath are scratched. These are too faint to be read, because they are distorted. For some time, scientists have attempted to study them with laser photography, but this has proved fruitless. However, it is now hoped that by enhancing images of the tablets on computer, their original messages will become legible again. If this is the case, a whole new source of historical information will be opened up, and this promises advances and new knowledge for many decades to come. The new technology has already been used on texts in ink as well, and in the future, it will be applied to damaged surfaces of many kinds. 3. For question 16-20, listen to the recording and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding boxes provided. 16. The article says agriculture is mainly responsible for making Amazon become contributor of CO2. F 17. In the research called "Nature", researchers found out that the CO2 production of Amazon tripled its removal of CO2. T 18. Forest fires produced annual amount of CO2 equal to that of Japan. F 19. Professor Simon Lewis said that Japan is the fifth-largest polluter in the world. F 20. A university professor alerted people about consequences brought about by Amazon sink-to-source story. T TRANSCRIPT Environmental scientists have revealed shocking news that parts of the Amazon rainforest are emitting more carbon dioxide than they are absorbing. The scientists said the forest is now producing over a billion tons of CO2 a year. They say the Amazon used to be a carbon "sink". This is where CO2 was sucked up and converted into oxygen. However, it has now become a source of carbon dioxide. The forest is at risk of losing its moniker of being the lungs of the world. Researchers are predicting the rainforest will create more CO2 at an accelerating rate in the future. The biggest culprits for the Amazon's flipping from sink to source are logging, deforestation and a growing