Title [MEDTHERA] Prescription Reviewer ✅

Diseases (1st Shifting)
OPHTHALMOLOGY Condition Common Clinical Manifestations Buzzwords Other Notable Features Glaucoma (POAG, Angle-Closure, Ocular HTN) ↑IOP, optic disc cupping, peripheral → central vision loss “Cupping of optic disc,” “Tunnel vision,” • Acute angle-closure: “Halos, severe pain, mid-dilated fixed pupil, N/V” POAG: insidious, asymptomatic until late • Acute angle closure = ophthalmic emergency • Risk factors: ↑Age, African descent, family history, diabetes, corticosteroid use Conjunctivitis (Allergic, Viral, Bacterial, Gonococcal, Neonatal) Red eye, tearing, discharge, irritation • Allergic: “Itchy, cobblestone papillae” • Viral: “Watery, preauricular lymph node, adenovirus 3/7” • Bacterial: “Purulent, lids stuck AM” • Gonococcal: “Copious purulent, hyperacute” • Neonatal: “Ophthalmia neonatorum” • Allergic: bilateral • Viral: very contagious • Bacterial: unilateral/bilateral • Gonococcal: can perforate cornea in 24 hrs • Neonatal: Chlamydia (5–14 days), Gonorrhea (2–5 days), HSV (vesicles, keratitis) Dry Eyes (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca) FB sensation, burning, redness, reflex tearing “Schirmer test” • Often autoimmune (Sjögren) • May lead to recurrent keratitis/ulcer • Worsens with screen use, aging, contact lens Keratitis (HSV, VZV, Bacterial, Contact Lens) Eye pain, photophobia, ↓ vision, corneal opacity • HSV: “Dendritic ulcer” • VZV: “Hutchinson sign” • Bacterial: “Corneal ulcer, hypopyon” • Pseudomonas: “Rapid melt” • HSV: recurrent, worsened by steroids • VZV: ophthalmic branch of CN V1 • Bacterial: emergency – risk of corneal perforation • Contact lens = Pseudomonas classic Blepharitis Lid margin inflammation, crusting, itching, burning “Collarettes at lash base” • Associated with acne rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis • Chronic → recurrent conjunctivitis, hordeola, chalazia Hordeolum (Stye) Painful red eyelid lump “Acute painful staph infection” • Meibomian gland (internal) or Zeis/Moll (external) • Risk factor: chronic blepharitis • Can evolve to chalazion (painless granuloma)