Title 3. SYNTAX - LESSON 5. WH-CLAUSES.docx ✅

WH-WORDS REFERRING PHRASES EXAMPLES What NP E.g.4. She is buying the apples → What is she buying ∙? Who NP E.g.5. She sent the present to me → Who did she send the present to ∙? To whom PP E.g.6. My father gave new pencils to the children. → To whom did my father give new pencils ∙? How (+ Adv) PP E.g.7. She ate the soup in a hurry. → How did she eat the soup ∙? AdvP E.g.8. Nam drinks apple juice very quickly. → How quickly does Nam drink apple juice ∙? Where PP E.g.9. The policemen were supervising the suspectors at the police station. → Where were the policemen supervising the suspectors ∙? Why PP (for + NP) E.g.10. She dug the soil for planting new trees. → Why did she dig the soil ∙? Adverbial clauses (because,since,as,so) E.g.11. Trung slaped her in the face because she stole some money from him. → Why did Trung slap her in the face ∙? When PP E.g.12. Trung is watering the flowers at the moment → When is Trung watering the flowers ∙? NP E.g.13. Trung is watering the flowers now → When is Trung watering the flowers ∙? Whose (+ N) NP E.g.14. Her sister used my computer. → Whose computer did her sister use ∙? Which (+ N) NP E.g.15. I am in class 9A4 → Which class are you in ∙? *Notes: The intensive verb “be” in wh-question E.g.16. Draw the phrase marker for the following sentence: How tall is Max? - The verb “be” is the intensive verb, copula be. However, it is fronted to the C1 position due to its tense. - The V branch has moved to C1 position.
- The AP “How tall” has moved to C2 position. II – SUBORDINATE WH-CLAUSES: 1. Subordinate wh-interrogative clauses: (quite the same as that- & whether-clause in Lesson 4) - To draw the phrase marker for subordinate wh-interrogative clauses, we need to identify their function in the sentences. 1.1. Subject & extraposed subject: E.g.16. It is my affair what I wear at night. 1.2. Complement of V within VP: 1.2.1. Direct object: E.g.17. Martha enquired why he wore it on his foot.