Title 02-Logical Diagram.pdf ✅

LOGICAL DIAGRAMS 2 CHAPTER  An object is called a subset of another object, if former is a part of latter and such relation is shown by two concentric circles. (i) Pencil, Stationary (ii) Brinjal, Vagetable (iii) Chair, Furniture It is very clear from the above relationship that one object is a part of other, and hence all such relationships can be represented by fig.1.  An object is said to have an intersection with another object, when two objects share some thing in common. (i) Surgeon, Males (ii) Politicians, Indian (iii) Educated, Unemployed All the three relationships given above have something in common as some surgeons can be male and some female, some politicians may be Indian and some may belong to other countries, educated may be employed and unemployed as well. And all the three relationships can be represented by fig. 2.  Two objects are said to be disjoint when neither one is subset of another nor they share anything in common. In other words, totally unrelated objects fall under this types of relationship. (i) Furniture, Car (ii) Copy, Cloth (iii) Tool, Shirt It is clear from the above relationship that both the objects are unrelated to each other, and hence can be represented diagramatically as shown in fig. 3 From the above discussion we observe that representation of relationship of two objects is not typical if students follow the above points. But representation of three objects diagramatically pose slight problem before the students. A variety of such relationship is being discussed in the following examples. EXAMPLES  Directions : Each of these questions given below contains three group of things. You are to choose from the following five numbered diagrams, a diagram that depicts the correct relationship among the three groups of things in each question. Ex.1 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 1. Moon, Earth, Universe 2. India, Pakistan, Asia 3. Batsman, Cricket, Stick 4. Book, Pen, Pencil. Chair Bringal Pencil Fig.1 Stationary Vegetable Furniture uneducated Indian Surgeon Males Politician Educated Fig.2 Tool Copy Furniture Cloth Shirt Car Fig. 3
Sol. 1. Moon and Earth, are the parts of universe and therefore are subsets of universe and hence this relationship is represented by diagram (a). 2. India and Pakistan, are the subsets of Asia. Hence, option (a) represents this relationship. 3. Batsmanm is a subset of Cricket and, Stick is something unrelated to Cricket, therefore, our answer is (e). 4. Book, Pen, Pencil are neither subset of one another nor have anything in common, Therefore, our answer is (d). Ex.2 Which of the following diagrams correctly represents the relationship among Tennis fans, Cricket players and Students. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Sol. From the relationship given in the question, we observe that each of the objects carries something in common to one another. A tennis fan can be a Cricket player as well as student. Hence diagram (a) represents this relationship. So our answer is (a). Ex.3 Which of the following diagrams correctly represents the relationship among Smokers, Bidi smokers, Cancer partients. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Sol. Bidi smokers is a subset of Sokers and Cancer patient may be a smoker, bidi smoker and non- smoker. Hence, third object shares a common relationship with first and second object as well. Hence, diagram (b) is our answer.
EXERCISE Directions : Out of the four alternatives in each of the following questions, three alternatives are such that the three words in each are related among themselves in one of the five ways represented by (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) below. And one of the alternative represents a relationship which is not represented by any of the figures given below. The relationship that complies this condition is your answer. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Q.1 (A) Army, General, Colonel (B) Boy, Student, Player (C) Painter, Scholar, Table (D) Man, Typist, Peon Q.2 (A) Hen, Dog, Cat (B) Body, Ear, Mouth (C) Bed, Ward, Nurse (D) Tiger, Animal, Carnivorous. Q.3 (A) Mineral, Iron, Copper (B) Dean, Painter, Singer (C) Seed, Leaf, Root (D) Piston, Engine, Wheel Q.4 (A) Director, Engineer, Musician (B) Apple, Orange, Mango (C) Fruit, Mango, Grass (D) Oxygen, Air, Water Q.5 (A) Bed, Ward, Hospital (B) Boy, Girl, Player (C) Copper, Zinc, Iron (D) Book, Page, paragraph Q.6 (A) Atmosphere, Air, Oxygen (B) Boy, Girl, Student (C) Man, Worker, Garden (D) Animal, Dog, Cat Q.7 (A) Body, Hand, Finger (B) Mammal, Nurse, Woman (C) Ceral, Wheat, Rice (D) Males, Cousins, Nephews Q.8 (A) Star, Moon, Mars (B) Professor, Scholar, Politician (C) Nurse, Doctor, Woman (D) Swimmer, Carpenter, Singer Q.9 (A) Animal, Mammal, Book (B) Colour, Cloth, Metchant (C) Colour, Red, Blue (D) Male, Horse, Mare Q.10 (A) Periodicals, Weekly, Book (B) Mineral, Copper, Wood (C) Doctors, Human beings, Married People (D) Army, Doctors, Engineers Directions : Each question below contains three groups of things. You are to choose from the following five numbered diagrams, the diagram that depicts the correct relationship among the three groups of things in each question. (d) (a) (e) (b) (c) Q.11 Vegtable, Fruit, Brinjal (A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d Q.12 Door, Window, House (A) a (B) b (C) e (D) d Q.13 Honest, Intelligent, Poor (A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d Q.14 Car, Train, automobile (A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d Q.15 Zinc, Copper, Iron
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d Directions : Each question below has three items having certain relationship among them. The same relationship is expressed by sets of circles, each circle representing one item irrespective of its size. Match the items with right set of circles. (c) (d) (e) (a) (b) Q.16 Revers, Canals, Perennial source of water. (A) a (B) e (C) c (D) d Q.17 Rings, Ornaments, Diamond rings. (A) c (B) b (C) a (D) d Q.18 Women, Married persons, Wives who work. (A) a (B) c (C) d (D) b Q.19 Computer skille, Graduates, Employed. (A) a (B) d (C) b (D) e Q.20 Students, First divisioners, Third divisioners. (A) b (B) c (C) d (D) e Directions : In the figure given below, there are three intersecting circles each representing certain section of people. Different regions are marked a—g. Read the statements in each of the following questions and choose the letter of the region which correctly represents the statement. a b f c d e g Chinese Painter C Musicians A B Q.21 Chinese who are painters but not misicians. (A) b (B) c (C) d (D) g Q.22 Painters who are neither Chinese nor musicians. (A) b (B) c (C) f (D) g Q.23 Chinese who are musicians but not painters. (A) d (B) c (C) b (D) a Q.24 Chinese who are painters as well as musicans. (A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d Direction : The figure given below consists of three intersecting circles which represent sets of students who play Tennis, Badminton and Volley Ball. Each region in the figure is represented by a small letter. a d e c b f g Tennis Badminton R Volley Ball P Q On the basis of the above figure, answer the questions given below. Q.25 Which letter represents the set of persons who play all the three games ? (A) b (B) c (C) f (D) g Q.26 Which letter represents the set of persons who play Tennis and Volley Ball but no Badminton? (A) g (B) e (C) c (D) b Q.27 Which letter represents the set of persons who play Tennis but neither Bad minton nor Volley Ball ? (A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d Q.28 Which letter represents the set of persons who play Tennis and Badminton but not Volley Ball ? (A) b (B) c (C)d (D) f Q.29 In the given figure, the triangle represents girls, the square represents sports persons and the circle represents coaches. The portion in the figure which represents girls, who are sports persons but not coaches is the one labelled a f b d c e (A) a (B) b (C) d (D) e Direction : Below is given a figure with four intersecting circles, each representing a group of persons having the quality written against it. Study the figure carefully and answer the questions that follow.