Title MOD12-1-Endocrine Histology.pdf ✅

ANAT ● ANATOMY Endocrine Histology TRANS 1 D MODULE 12 r. Nestor Calimbahin March 8, 2023 LECTURE OUTLINE I The Endocrine System A. Singly or as Clusters B. Endocrine Glands C. As Structures of Certain Organs II Hypothalamus A. Posterior Pituitary Hormones 1. Oxytocin 2. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) B. Hypophysiotropic Hormones 1. Pituitary Gland III Neurohypophysis A. Median Eminence B. Structures of the Neurohypophysis 1. Herring Bodies 2. Pituicytes IV Adenohypophysis A. Pars Distalis (Anterior Lobe) 1. Chromophils 2. Chromophobes B. Pars Tuberalis (TV, Tuberalis, Vascular) C. Pars Intermedia (Anterior Lobe) V Pineal Gland A. Histological Components of the Pineal Gland 1. Pinealocytes/Chief Cells 2. Interstitial Cells 3. Brain Sands VI Thyroid Gland A. Histological Characteristics 1. Thyroid Gland 2. Thyroid Follicles B. Types of Cells 1. Follicular/Principal Cells 2. Parafollicular Cells C. Thyroid Hormones VII Parathyroid Gland A. Parenchymal Cells Of The Parathyroid Gland 1. Chief Cells 2. Oxyphil Cells 3. Transitional Cells B. Parathyroid Hormone VIII Adrenal Gland A. Adrenal Cortex 1. Steroid Hormones (Adrenocortical Hormones) 2. Concentric Layer/Zones of the Adrenal Cortex B. Adrenal Medulla 1. Parenchymal Cells 2. Adrenal Medullary Hormones (Catecholamines) 3. Paraganglia IX Islets of Langerhans A. Cells of the Islets of Langerhans 1. α-cells (A cells) 2. β-cells (B cells) 3. δ-cells (D cells) 4. F-cells (PP cells) B. Hormones Produced by the Islets of Langerhans 1. Insulin 2. Glucagon 3. Somatostatin 4. Pancreatic polypeptide LECTURE OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the two groups of secretory neurons in the hypothalamus as to their location and the hormones they produce. 2. Differentiate the adenohypophysis from the neurohypophysis developmentally, morphologically, and functionally. 3. Discuss the relationship among the three regions of the neurohypophysis to the hypothalamus. 4. Characterize the cell types in the adenohypophysis as regards their location, morphology, and hormonal secretion. 5. Describe how the neurohormones from the hypothalamus control the secretory cells of the adenohypophysis. 6. Elucidate on the histologic structure of the pineal gland and the hormone that its secretory cells produce. 7. Discuss the histologic organization of the stroma and parenchymal cells of the thyroid gland. 8. Explain how the thyroid hormones are produced. 9. Distinguish the parenchymal cells of the parathyroid gland morphologically and functionally. 10. Differentiate the adrenal cortex from the adrenal medulla developmentally, morphologically, and functionally. 11. Describe the zones of the adrenal cortex as to their cellular composition and arrangement and hormonal secretions. 12. Characterize the cells of the adrenal medulla morphologically and functionally. 13. Distinguish the islets of Langerhans from the pancreatic acini morphologically. 14. Differentiate the four major types of cells in the islets of Langerhans as to their morphology, location within the islets, and hormonal secretion. I. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM A. SINGLY OR AS CLUSTERS a JG Cells and Peritubular Fibroblast/Interstitial Cells in the Kidney b Enteroendocrine Cells in the GIT c Interstitial Cells of Leydig in the Testis B. ENDOCRINE GLANDS a Pituitary b Thyroid c Parathyroid d Adrenal e Pineal C. AS STRUCTURES OF CERTAIN ORGANS a Endocrine Portion of the Hypothalamus b Islets of Langerhans of the Pancreas Group 6B & 7B | Endocrine Histology 1