Title NCM 111 PRELIMS ✅

NCM 111 BY TONS and MADS 3. Manageability 4. Measurability 5. Resource Availability Tips for Discovering & Identifying a Problem 1. Reading a lot of literature. 2. Attending professional lectures, research colloquia or seminars. 3. Close observation of situations & happenings relevant to the chosen field of specialization. 4. Contemplating the possibility of research for most topics or lessons taking in content courses. 5. Conducting & compiling researches w/ special emphasis on content & methodology. 6. Visiting various libraries for possible discovery of researchable topics. 7. Subscribing professional journal & other reading materials in one’s field & in research. 8. Building up a library of materials in nursing. Research Variables Variables ● qualities, properties, or characteristics of people, things, events or situations under study that vary from one person to another. ● Assessed & measured quantitatively & qualitatively. Characteristics of Research Variables A. Have 2 or more mutually exclusive values or properties that can be qualitatively or quantitatively measured. B. They are varying factors that affect the phenomenon, situations or cases under study. C. They are varying qualities of people, institutions, situations or statuses. D. Can be heterogeneous when the attributes or characteristics of a group being studied are extremely VARIED. E. Can be homogeneous if the attributes or characteristics of the group being studied have LIMITED variability. Kinds of Variables A. Explanatory Variable -phenomenon under study that VARIES or assumes different values. -The focus of the research indicates DIRECT influence to what the researcher would like to discover, & not merely establishing a direct causal link between the persons, objects or things being studied. a. Independent Variable (IV) - factors that can be MANIPULATED & the focus of inquiry. b. Dependent Variable (DV) - the factor that is affected or INFLUENCED by the independent variable. c. Intervening Variable - factor that exists between the IV & DV. It explains WHY relationships exist & bears influence the effect of the IV on the DV. d. Moderator Variable - factor that AFFECTS the strength or direction of the relationship b/n the IV & DV. B. Extraneous or Exogenous Variables - these are NOT THE FOCI of the study, tend to affect to a certain extent. These are not the direct interest of researchers, & must be controlled or eliminated in order that hypotheses can be validly tested. a. Organismic Variables - these are psychological, physiological & demographic factors that could affect the outcome of the study. b. Environmental Variables - economic, anthropological, sociological & physical factors that influence the phenomenon under study. C. Abstract or Continuous Variables - factors that have different values w/c are quantitatively measured & statistically tested through hypotheses. D. Dichotomous Variables - these are factors w/ only 2 values, used in comparative studies & specifically identified in the hypotheses. E. Active Variables - factors w/c the researcher creates &/or manipulates. Commonly used in experimental studies. F. Attribute Variables - pre-existing characteristics of subjects w/c the researcher simply observes & measures. WEEK 2: Aug. 7-12, 2023 GOALS AND PURPOSES OF CONDUCTING NURSING RESEARCH https://youtu.be/TY4IaUIcjsE Nursing research ● General purpose: ANSWER questions or SOLVE problems of relevance to nursing ● important within context of promotion and maintenance of health prevention and cure of illness, habilitation and rehabilitation of disabled and handicapped Goals of Nursing Research 1. Efficiency & Effectiveness in Nursing Care a. Primary reason: to foster optimum care for clients and provide service to society based on accurate knowledge b. Scientific method is conceived to be the most objective systematic way of obtaining this knowledge c. Research intended to identify clinical problems, iits causes, diagnosis, nursing care interventions and evaluation of nursing care outcome d. Research findings as basis of knowledge enables nurses to describe, explain, predict, and control phenomena related to health of clients e. Nursing care can be implemented systematically and safely 2. Worthiness & Value of Nursing Profession to Society a. healthcare is indispensable to man's survival and nursing care is one of its major components b. enable nurses to deliver quality care is to make use of the most recent research findings that provide proofs or evidences to validate & justify appropriateness & adequacy of nursing care c. nursing research is concerned with promotion of health in growth and development process, the prevention of diseases and the habilitation or rehabilitation of clients for a more meaningful and productive life 3. Identifying, Implementing, & Evaluating Effective Health Care Modalities a. nursing research enables nurses to cautiously assess individuals and groups as basis for planning accurate nursing interventions b. inclusion of all factors such as biologicals physiological social behavioral spiritual and environmental components that influence health and disease in stages of development have become basis for nursing research which will ultimately lead to accurate decisions and actions 4. Clinical Nursing Research has the Potential for Providing Quality Care of Clients It is concerned with the following tasks: a. systematic study of nursing problems or phenomena using nursing process 3