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Reading Passage 1: The Green Revolution, which took place during the mid-20th century, represented a major transformation in agriculture worldwide. Before this revolution, farming techniques were largely traditional and not very productive. The Green Revolution introduced a variety of advanced techniques that led to significantly higher crop yields. The key element of the Green Revolution was the development of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of cereals, particularly wheat and rice. These new strains were capable of resisting diseases, pests, and other adverse conditions, therefore resulting in improved harvests. However, they required the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, which were also introduced as part of this agricultural shift. The Green Revolution had an enormous impact, particularly in developing countries. It helped to alleviate hunger by improving food security. Millions of lives were potentially saved by this increase in food production. However, the revolution was not without its critics. Some pointed out the negative environmental impact of the increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. There was also a concern that the emphasis on a few high-yielding varieties would lead to a loss of biodiversity, as traditional crop varieties became less common. Despite these concerns, the Green Revolution stands as a milestone in the history of agriculture. Its successes and challenges offer valuable lessons for future agricultural innovations.