Title Brachial plexus & peripheral nerve injury ✅

Total plexus injury ● Injury to C5 to T1 ● Paralysis and numbness over entire upper limb Upper plexus injury ● Injury to C5 and C6 ● Paralysis of shoulder abductor, external rotators and forearm supinators ● Loss of sensation over the outer aspect of arm and forearm Lower plexus injury ● Paralysis of intrinsic hand muscle ● Lost of sensation along ulnar aspect of forearm Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy 1. Upper root injury: Erb’s palsy difficult delivery in infants or fall onto shoulder in adults ● Injuries of C5 and C6 ● Excessive displacement of head to opposite side and depression of shoulder on same side producing traction on plexus ● The abductor, external rotators of shoulder and supinators are paralyzed Physical examination ● Arm is held to side ● Waiter’s tip : adducted, internally rotated at shoulder and pronated and extended at elbow ● Sensory loss of lateral of arm and forearm Iman, Izzaty, Nisa, Lissa (2/3/21) Forti