Title NCM 113 RLE SEMI FI ✅

NCM 113 RLE SEMI FI BY TONS AND MADS SEMI FINALS COVERAGE LEC ● Planning Community Health Interventions ● Monitoring and Evaluating Community Health Programs Implemented ● Working with Groups Towards Community Development RLE: ● Immunization ● DDST ● Urine testing ● Community diagnosis ● Herbal plants ● Communicable disease: PTB, Leprosy, MMR, Influenza, schistosomiasis, filariasis, malaria & dengue IMMUNIZATION 1 Immunization Schedule 1 Contraindications to Immunization 1 Check Vitamin A status of ALL Sick children 1 Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) 1 Types of Vaccines 2 EPI Vaccines 2 Keep Potency of Vaccines 3 DDST (DENVER DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING TEST) 3 Denver Developmental Screening Test Form 3 Aspects of Development 4 Directions /Directions for Administration 4 Example 4 Test Procedure 4 Scoring the Test 5 INTERPRETATION AND CONSIDERATIONS 5 The Test Form 5 URINE TESTING 6 Preliminary Procedure 6 Test For Albumin Using Acetic Acid 6 Test For Glucose Using Benedict's Solution 6 104 RLE COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS 6 Type Of Community Diagnosis 6 Comprehensive community diagnosis 7 Problem Oriented Community Diagnosis 7 Steps or Processes Of Community Diagnosis 7 Types Of Family Nurse Contact 8 Nursing Diagnosis 9 Data Gathering Method 11 Steps In Community Nursing Diagnosis 11 COPAR (not sure if included) 12 HERBAL PLANTS 17 DOH 13 APPROVED HERBAL PLANTS 17 Medicinal Plant Preparation 18 ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE MODALITIES 19 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 19 Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) 19 Malaria From IMCI 19 Dengue (From 2ND2’s TLG) 19 Dengue from IMCI 20 104 FINALS: WEEK 11 Control of Communicable Disease and Treatment of Locally Endemic Diseases 21 Communicable Diseases 21 Epidemiological Triangle Model 21 Chain Of Infection 21 Control, Eradication, and Elimination of Communicable Diseases 22 International Task Force for Disease Eradication (ITFDE) 22 Functions of PHN in Control of Communicable Diseases 23 Communicable Diseases In PH 23
NCM 113 RLE Semi Fi BY TONS and MADS ➔ TUBERCULOSIS 23 ➔ LEPROSY 25 ➔ SCHISTOSOMIASIS 25 ➔ FILARIASIS 26 ➔ MALARIA 26 ➔ DENGUE 26 ➔ MEASLES 27 ➔ INFLUENZA (FLU) 27 Four Stages of Infectious Diseases: 28 Kinds Of Infections 28 1
NCM 113 RLE Semi Fi BY TONS and MADS IMMUNIZATION Videos: ● IMMUNIZATION (transcribed) ● NCM 104 RLE EP IMMUNIZATION (transcribed) ● WHO_EPI 40th anniversary Check Child’s Immunization Status, Check Immunization Status for ALL sick children (recommended for age, and check if need any immunizations during the visit) ● Use the DOH recommended immunization schedule ● Give mother tetanus toxoid as required Immunization Schedule ★ Only intended for <59 months (Ideally, children receive all recommended immunizations for <5y.o before first birthday but allowance for MMR - w/in 12 -15 months) ★ If child does not come for immunization at recommended age, give necessary immunizations at time after child reaches that age, give remaining doses at least 4 weeks apart. No need to repeat the whole schedule ➢ Birth: BCG; Hep B1 ➢ 6 weeks: Pentavalent 1; OPV 1; PCV 1; Rotavirus 1 ➢ 10 weeks: Pentavalent 2; OPV 2; PCV 2; Rotavirus 2 ➢ 14 weeks: Pentavalent 3; OPV 3; PCV 3; IPV ➢ 9-11 months: MMR1 (previously Measles) ➢ 12-15 month: MMR2 ➢ School entrants (Grade 1) BCG ➢ 9 y.o: HPV Contraindications to Immunization ➔ In general: no contraindications of sick child if well enough to go home. ➔ Almost no contraindication; mild illness should be immunized unless needs to be hospitalized. ➔ Children with malnutrition immunize them as usual because they are more likely than other children to die ➔ Conditions considered false contraindications: ◆ Malnutrition (instead an indication) ◆ Low-grade fever ◆ Mild respiratory infection ◆ Diarrhea ➔ Children w/ diarrhea, should receive OPV during visit. However, dose is not counted. Child should return when the next dose of OPV is due. ➔ Do not give: ◆ Pentavalent to children <5 yrs of age or w/ recurrent convulsions or another active neurological disease of CNS ◆ Pentavalent 2 or 3 to child who has had convulsions/shock w/in 3 days of most recent dose ● Pertussis: causes convulsion because of its effect to CNS. ● Instead of penta, give individual dose ◆ Rotavirus when a child has a hx of hypersensitivity to previous dose, intussusceptions or intestinal malformation or acute gastroenteritis. ◆ BCG (and other Live Attenuated) to child who has s/s of AIDS, immune deficiency, immunosuppressed (drug treatment or illness) ● Live attenuated: OPV, MMR, tetravalent vaccine, MervV (varicella) chickenpox, rotavirus Check Child’s Immunization Status To decide if child receives an immunization today 1. Look at the child's age on clinical record - or ask 2. Ask mother if child has immunization card - compare child immunization record w/ recommended immunization schedule, and decide whether child has had all immunizations recommended for child's age. 3. On the recording form, check all immunizations the child already reserved. Circle any immunization that child needs to receive today. If child is not being referred, explain to mother that child needs to receive immunization/s 4. If mother says that she does not have an immunization card w/ her, ask the mother to tell you what immunization the child has received. a.Use judgment to decide if the mother has given a reliable report. b.If you have doubts, immunize the child 5. Give immunizations according to the child's age, give an immunization card to mother, and ask her to bring it w/ her when she brings the child to the Health Center. Check Vitamin A status of ALL Sick children Vitamin A ➔ plays a vital role in growth and development of children. ➔ helps prevent invasion of infectious organisms ➔ maintains tissue in skin, respiratory tract and intestinal tract, and cornea of the eye. ➔ Use Recommended Vitamin A Schedule: 2
NCM 113 RLE Semi Fi BY TONS and MADS ◆ All children 6 months should receive 100,000 IU ◆ 200,000 IU q6months after up to age of 59 months. ➔ Two colors of vitamin A: ◆ BLUE - 100,000 IU, for children 6 - 11 months ◆ RED - 200,000 IU 12 months to 5 years old ➔ Observe administration precautions (overdosage=problem) ◆ Before giving vitamin, ask 2 questions: ● Is child >6 months. If yes, ask 2nd question. ● Has child had dose of vit A in the past 6 months? ◆ Check clinical record date when vit A was last given. If child is >6 months and has not had a dose of vitamin A in past six months, give single dose, ◆ Child may develop vomiting, Headaches, nausea after. Reassure symptoms will disappear w/in 24hrs Assess Other Problems: Identify and treat any other problems according to Health Center policy. Refer child for any problem you cannot manage in the Health Center Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) ➢ established in 1976 to ensure infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines ➢ Vaccines under the EPI are: ○ BCG and Hepatitis B birth dose ○ Oral Poliovirus Vaccine ○ Pentavalent Vaccine ○ Measles Containing Vaccines (Anti-measles, MMR) ○ Tetanus Toxoid ○ Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13 (2014) ➢ Program Goals of EPI ○ Over-all Goal: To reduce morbidity and mortality among children against most common vaccine preventable diseases ○ Specific Goal: ■ immunize all infants/children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases; ■ sustain polio-free status of the Philippines; ■ eliminate measles infection; ■ eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus and other immunizable diseases. ■ prevent extra pulmonary tuberculosis among children. ➢ To achieve the overall EPI goal, the following laws mandate of protecting children through immunization to DOH and LGUs ○ RA 10152 - Mandatory Infants and children Health Immunization Act of 2011 ■ mandates basic immunization covering vaccine preventable diseases ○ RA 7846 - Compulsory immunization against hepatitis B for infants and children <8 years old ■ Hep B immunization within 24 hours after birth of babies of women with hepatitis B. ➢ Program Target: Achieve 95% Fully Immunized Child (FIC) Coverage. ○ FIC when a child receives before first birthday: ■ 1 dose of BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin for TB) ■ 3 doses of OPV (Oral polio vaccine) ■ 3 doses of DPT (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) ■ 3 doses HepB (vaccine-preventable liver infection) ■ 1 dose measles vaccine (measles mumps rubella) ➢ Program Strategies: ○ Routine immunizations for infants/children & women - adapted from WHO and UNICEF Reaching every district 2004, which aims to improve the access to routine immunization and reduce dropout ○ Supplemental immunization Activities (SIA) - to reach children who have not been vaccinated or have not developed sufficient immunity after previous vaccinations, conducted either national or subnational in selected areas. Health care workers conduct house to house campaign in immunizing vulnerable children. ○ Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance - for eradication or elimination efforts in identifying cases of measles and indigenous poliovirus fTypes of Vaccines 1.Live attenuated (weakened) - contains modified strains such as bacteria or viruses that have been weakened but are able to multiply within the body and remain antigenic enough to induce strong immune response. OPV and BCG 2.Killed inactivated - bacteria/viruses killed/inactivated by chemical treatment or heat. HepB and Pentavalent Immunization ➢ essential intervention for children and women ➢ available in all health facilities and institutions providing health services of women and children nationwide. health care services offered in every barangay health centers ➢ Usually every Wednesday is designated and is adopted in all parts of the country unless otherwise revised by local traditions, customs and other exceptions. EPI Vaccines I. BCG - live vaccine. A. against PTB (highly communicable respiratory infection), TB meningitis B. Ideally right after or anytime after birth with first dose of hepB vaccine or within week after discharge (bring the baby to the nearest Health Center) 3